Gamma-terpinene |
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Last updated: 12/02/2025
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(Also known as: Tea tree oil extract; Oil of Melaleuca; TTO; Crithmene) |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate |
Ecotoxicity |
Human health |
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A component of various essential oils, including tea tree oil, oregano oil, and marjoram oil, and which may be used to control various fungal pathogens on a wide range of crops |
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Various fungal pathogens including powdery mildew and early blight |
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Potatoes; Carrots; Tomatoes; Cucumbers; Fruit; Ornamentals |
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- |
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Current |
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1920s, Tea tree oil first reported |
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Not approved |
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Not applicable |
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No UK approval for use as a pesticide |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Approved (as Tea tree oil) |
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Poland/Bulgaria |
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31/10/2026 |
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No |
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Yes |
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ATAustria |
BEBelgium |
BGBulgaria |
CYCyprus |
CZCzech Republic |
DEGermany |
DKDenmark |
EEEstonia |
ELGreece |
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ESSpain |
FIFinland |
FRFrance |
HRCroatia |
HUHungary |
IEIreland |
ITItaly |
LTLithuania |
LULuxembourg |
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LVLatvia |
MTMalta |
NLNetherlands |
PLPoland |
PTPortugal |
RORomania |
SESweden |
SISlovenia |
SKSlovakia |
✓ |
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- |
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C₁₀H₁₆ |
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CC1=CCC(=CC1)C(C)C |
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No data |
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YKFLAYDHMOASIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4,7-8H,5-6H2,1-3H3 |
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Yes |
Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams |
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Common Name |
Relationship |
Link |
gamma-terpinene |
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 |
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Fungicide |
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Plant-derived substance |
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100 g/Kg |
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- |
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Natural |
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Tea tree oil appears to disrupt the permeability barrier of microbial cell membrane structures, causing loss of chemiosmotic control. |
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99-85-4 |
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202-794-6 |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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138.25 |
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- |
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1-methyl-4-isopropyl-1,4-cycloheyadiene |
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γ-terpinene |
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- |
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- |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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BM01 |
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- |
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Clear liquid |
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- |
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- |
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Tea tree oil is usually supplied as an emulsifable concentrate that is diluted and used as a foliar spray |
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8.72 |
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Low |
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- |
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-31.1 |
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- |
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182 |
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- |
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- |
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2.95 X 1004 |
Calculated |
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4.47 |
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High |
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Not applicable |
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No dissociation |
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93100 |
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Highly volatile. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable |
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1476 |
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Volatile |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Slightly mobile |
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2886 |
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EU dossier - estimated |
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Cannot be calculated |
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0.72 |
Calculated using the Atkinson method |
Below the level of concern for long-range air transport |
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None
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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3650 |
Rat |
Low |
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HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION |
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Low (class I) |
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3650 |
Rat |
Low |
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EU MRL pesticide database |
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Carcinogen |
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Endocrine disruptor |
No data found |
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0 = No data |
No data found |
Reproduction / development effects |
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor |
Neurotoxicant |
?Possibly, status not identified |
No data found |
No data found |
Respiratory tract irritant |
Skin irritant |
Skin sensitiser |
?Possibly, status not identified |
✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Eye irritant |
Phototoxicant |
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✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
No data found |
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No adverse health issues noted |
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Not explosive or oxidising |
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Health: H304, H315, H319, H332, H335, H361 Handling: H226 Environment: H411 |
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Not listed (Not listed) |
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gamma-terpinene |
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Record last updated: |
12/02/2025 |
Contact: |
aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: |
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |