Fonofos (Ref: N-2790) |
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Last updated: 23/01/2025
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(Also known as: fonophos; dyfonate; difonate) |
Fonofos is an organophosphate insecticide which is generally considered to be obsolete. It has a moderate aqueous solubility and miscible with most organic solvents. It is highly volatile. Fonofos tends to be quite persistent in both soil and water systems. It has a hight oral toxicity to humans, is an acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor and a neurotoxin. It tends to have a high - moderate toxicity to biodiversity. |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate |
Ecotoxicity |
Human health |
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An obsolete soil acting insecticide once used on various crops but predominately corn to control various sucking pests |
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Aphids, Corn rootworm; Wireworm; Cutworms; White grubs; Corn maggots; Symphylans |
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Vegetables including asparagus, beans, onions, peppers, sweet potatoes; Ornamentals; Corn; Turf and lawns |
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- |
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Considered obsolete but may be available in some countries |
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1965, first reported |
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Not approved |
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Expired |
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No UK approval for use as a pesticide |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved |
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- |
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Expired |
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- |
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Yes |
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ATAustria |
BEBelgium |
BGBulgaria |
CYCyprus |
CZCzech Republic |
DEGermany |
DKDenmark |
EEEstonia |
ELGreece |
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ESSpain |
FIFinland |
FRFrance |
HRCroatia |
HUHungary |
IEIreland |
ITItaly |
LTLithuania |
LULuxembourg |
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LVLatvia |
MTMalta |
NLNetherlands |
PLPoland |
PTPortugal |
RORomania |
SESweden |
SISlovenia |
SKSlovakia |
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A chiral molecule existing in the R- and S-forms. The R-isomer is more biologically active than the S-isomer. |
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C₁₀H₁₅OPS₂ |
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CCOP(=S)(CC)SC1=CC=CC=C1 |
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No data |
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KVGLBTYUCJYMND-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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InChI=1S/C10H15OPS2/c1-3-11-12(13,4-2)14-10-8-6-5-7-9-10/h5-9H,3-4H2,1-2H3 |
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Yes |
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Insecticide |
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Organophosphate insecticide; Phenyl ethylphosphonothioate insecticide |
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>99.5% |
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- |
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Synthetic |
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Non-systemic with contact and stomach action. Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitor. |
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944-22-9 |
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66767-39-3; 62705-71-9; 62680-03-9 |
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213-408-0 |
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306 |
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041701 |
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13676 |
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015-091-00-2 |
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246.3 |
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- |
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(RS)-O-ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate |
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O-ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate |
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Potential groundwater contaminant; Severe Marine Pollutant; Subject to the provisions of the UK Poisons Act 1972 |
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- |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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1B |
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Not applicable |
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Delia antiqua, Diabrotica undecimpunctata, Sedes nigromaculis, Diabrotica virgifera |
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Clear colourless to yellow coloured liquid |
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- Stauffer Chemical Co.
- Zeneca
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- Capfos
- Edge
- Tenax
- Tycap
- Dyfonate
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Available in a wide variety of different formulations including granules, suspension concentrates and seed treatments |
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13 |
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Moderate |
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Miscible |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Acetone |
- |
Miscible |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Ethanol |
- |
Miscible |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Xylene |
- |
Miscible |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Kerosene |
- |
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Not applicable |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
- |
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130 |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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7.94 X 1003 |
Calculated |
- |
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3.9 |
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High |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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1.17 |
Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
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27 |
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Highly volatile. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable |
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6.56 X 10-01 |
H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database. Dataset is no longer available. 4 = Verified data |
Moderately volatile |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
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99 |
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Moderately persistent |
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99 |
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Moderately persistent |
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40 |
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Moderately persistent |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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General literature DT₅₀ range 48-150 days (R2) |
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- |
- |
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- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
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38 |
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Moderately persistent |
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- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- |
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Slightly mobile |
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870 |
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- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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1.70 |
Calculated |
Low leachability |
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5.08 X 10-02 |
Calculated |
- |
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- |
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Low |
Calculated |
- |
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Slightly mobile |
Calculated |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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300 |
Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Estimated |
Threshold for concern |
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Not available |
- |
None
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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6.8 |
Rat |
High |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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128 |
Anas platyrhynchos |
Moderate |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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218 |
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Moderate |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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> 3.3 |
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Moderate |
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0.0087 |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
High |
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- |
- |
- |
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[The residual time to 25% mortality (RT25) value for honeybees is 5.5 hrs (range 3-8 hrs) - USEPA data] |
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- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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0.028 |
Lepomis macrochirus |
High |
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> 0.0023 |
P3 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 3 = Unverified data of known source Lepomis macrochirus 30 day |
High |
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> 3.5 |
Danio rerio |
Moderate |
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0.0023 |
Daphnia magna |
High |
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> 0.0003 |
P3 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 3 = Unverified data of known source Daphnia magna |
High |
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- |
- |
- |
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0.00041 |
Americamysis bahia |
High |
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0.039 |
Chironomus riparius 2 day |
High |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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1.5 |
Unknown species |
Moderate |
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0.5 |
Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Unknown species |
Moderate |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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> 0.66 |
Crassostrea gigas Larva |
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HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION |
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High (class III) |
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- |
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6.8 |
Rat |
High |
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147 |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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0.002 |
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- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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List I; List II |
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- |
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- |
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May be absorbed through the skin |
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EU MRL pesticide database |
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- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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Carcinogen |
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Endocrine disruptor |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 3 = Negative |
No data found |
Reproduction / development effects |
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor |
Neurotoxicant |
?Possibly, status not identified |
✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
Respiratory tract irritant |
Skin irritant |
Skin sensitiser |
No data found |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
No data found |
Eye irritant |
Phototoxicant |
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XNo, known not to cause a problem |
No data found |
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Highly toxic Ingestion may cause nausea, abdominal cramps, and diarrhoea |
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No information available |
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Health: H300, H310 Environment: H400, H410 |
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Ia (Extremely hazardous) |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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fonofos |
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fonofos |
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Fonofos |
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fonofos |
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fonofos |
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fonofos |
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fonofos |
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fonofos |
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fonofos |
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fonofos |
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fonofos |
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- |
Record last updated: |
23/01/2025 |
Contact: |
aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: |
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |