Carbon dioxide |
Last updated: 31/10/2024
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(Also known as: carbonic anhydride; dry ice) |
Carbon dioxide is registered commodity substance largely used to control rodents by asphyxiation. The gas is highly soluble in water forming carbonic acid. As it is a gas there are large data gaps related to its environmental impacts and human health effects. |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate |
Ecotoxicity |
Human health |
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A commodity gaseous substance for the control of trapped rodents and other vertebrates as well as insects |
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Rats; Mice; Other small rodents; General insect control |
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Stored cereal grains; Medicinal plants; Dried fruits |
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- |
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- |
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Current |
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- |
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- |
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Not approved |
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Withdrawn |
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Not applicable |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Approved |
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France/Austria |
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30/04/2037 |
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No |
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Yes |
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ATAustria |
BEBelgium |
BGBulgaria |
CYCyprus |
CZCzech Republic |
DEGermany |
DKDenmark |
EEEstonia |
ELGreece |
✓ |
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✓ |
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ESSpain |
FIFinland |
FRFrance |
HRCroatia |
HUHungary |
IEIreland |
ITItaly |
LTLithuania |
LULuxembourg |
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LVLatvia |
MTMalta |
NLNetherlands |
PLPoland |
PTPortugal |
RORomania |
SESweden |
SISlovenia |
SKSlovakia |
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ISIceland |
NONorway |
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None |
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CO₂ |
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C(=O)=O |
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- |
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CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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InChI=1S/CO2/c2-1-3 |
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Yes |
Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams |
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Common Name |
Relationship |
Link |
carbon dioxide |
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Insecticide, Rodenticide, Acaricide |
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Inorganic compound; Fumigant rodenticide |
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999 g kg⁻¹ |
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EU dossier - phosphine <0.3ppm; benzene <0.02ppm; carbon monoxide <10ppm; methanol <10ppm; hydrogen cyanide <0.5ppm |
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Natural |
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Asphixiation |
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Carbon dioxide occurs naturally in the Earths atmosphere as an inert gas. Other natural sources include volcanoes, forest fires, hot springs, geysers. |
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Industrially, carbon dioxide is predominantly an unrecovered waste product, produced by several methods which may be practiced at various scales. |
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Crop protection |
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Rats; Mice; Other small rodents; General insect control |
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Stored cereal grains; Medicinal plants; Dried fruits |
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- |
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124-38-9 |
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204-696-9 |
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844 |
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016601 |
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280 |
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No data found |
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44.01 |
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carbon dioxide |
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carbon dioxide |
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carbon dioxide |
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- |
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- |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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None allocated |
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Not applicable |
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- |
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Colourless gas |
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1730 |
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High |
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- |
- |
- |
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-56.6 |
(high pressure) |
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-78.5 |
Sublimes |
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2000 |
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6.76 X 1000 |
Calculated |
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0.83 |
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Low |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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1.53 |
E2 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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No data |
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Weak acid |
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3.6 X 1008 |
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Highly volatile. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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None
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION |
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Low (class I) |
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100000 |
E2 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Rat as ppm per min |
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None allocated |
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None allocated |
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None allocated |
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Carcinogen |
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Endocrine disruptor |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0 = No data |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Reproduction / development effects |
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor |
Neurotoxicant |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Respiratory tract irritant |
Skin irritant |
Skin sensitiser |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Eye irritant |
Phototoxicant |
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XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
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Harmful by inhalation Chronic exposure can produce adaptation as well as producing metabolic acidosis |
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Not flammable, explosive or oxidising Acts as an asphyxiant Solid carbon dioxide is below -78 deg C - dangers of severe frost bite IMDG Transport Hazard Class 2.2 |
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Health: H280 |
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Not listed (Not listed) |
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UN1013 |
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carbon dioxide |
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anhydride carbonique |
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Kohlendioxid |
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kuldioxide |
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anidride carbonica |
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dióxido de carbono |
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- |
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dwutlenek wegla |
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- |
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Record last updated: |
31/10/2024 |
Contact: |
aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: |
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |