Choline chloride |
Last updated: 01/06/2024
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(Also known as: hepacholine; biocolina; lipotril; choline hydrochloride) |
Choline chloride is a plant growth regulator. It is highly soluble in water, is not volatile or persistent in soil systems. Based on its physico-chemical properties it has potential to leach to groundwaters. It tends not to be highly toxic to biodiversity although available data is limited. Choline chloride has a low mammalian toxicity and whilst it may be a skin and eye irritant no evidence has been found to suggest exposure may cause chronic health conditions. |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate |
Ecotoxicity |
Human health |
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A plant growth regulator usually only available in mixtures |
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Growth improving plant shape, size and yield |
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Cereals; Fruits; Vegetables; Grass crops; Ornamentals |
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Current |
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2016, registration US |
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- |
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Not approved |
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Expired |
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved |
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Czech Republic |
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Expired |
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Not applicable |
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Yes |
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ATAustria |
BEBelgium |
BGBulgaria |
CYCyprus |
CZCzech Republic |
DEGermany |
DKDenmark |
EEEstonia |
ELGreece |
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ESSpain |
FIFinland |
FRFrance |
HRCroatia |
HUHungary |
IEIreland |
ITItaly |
LTLithuania |
LULuxembourg |
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LVLatvia |
MTMalta |
NLNetherlands |
PLPoland |
PTPortugal |
RORomania |
SESweden |
SISlovenia |
SKSlovakia |
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ISIceland |
NONorway |
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None |
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C₅H₁₄ClNO |
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C[N+](C)(C)CCO.[Cl-] |
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- |
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SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
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InChI=1S/C5H14NO.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1S |
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Yes |
Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams |
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Common Name |
Relationship |
Link |
choline chloride |
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Plant Growth Regulator, Veterinary substance |
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Quarternary ammonium compound; Animal-derived substance |
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- |
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- |
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Natural |
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Probable enhanced formation of plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) |
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Choline chloride can be found in a variety of foods including eggs, liver, fish, chicken, and dairy products. |
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Choline chloride is produced commercially from 1,2-ethandiol and trimethylamine hydrochloride |
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For improving growth, particularly plant shape, size and yield |
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- |
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Cereals; Fruits; Vegetables; Grass crops; Ornamentals |
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- |
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67-48-1 |
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200-65-54 |
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None allocated |
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018102/718102, |
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6209 |
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No data found |
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139.62 |
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2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium chloride |
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ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride |
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(2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride |
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- |
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- |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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- |
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White hygroscobic crystals |
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650000 |
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data |
High |
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247 |
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data |
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1.70 X 10-04 |
Calculated |
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-3.77 |
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Low |
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1.1 |
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6.57 X 10-05 |
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data |
Low volatility |
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2.06 X 10-11 |
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data |
Non-volatile |
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7 |
S1 S = Expert judgement 1 = Estimated data with little or no verification |
Non-persistent |
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Best available data |
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Stable |
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data |
Stable |
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Stable under normal environmental conditions |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Very mobile |
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0 |
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Estimated |
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None
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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3400 |
Rat |
Low |
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100 |
Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Oncorhynchus mykiss |
Moderate |
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349 |
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data Daphnia magna |
Low |
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1000 |
Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata |
Low |
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HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION |
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High (class III) |
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3400 |
Rat |
Low |
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Possible exposure via skin contact and inhallation |
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Carcinogen |
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Endocrine disruptor |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0 = No data |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Reproduction / development effects |
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor |
Neurotoxicant |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
?Possibly, status not identified |
Respiratory tract irritant |
Skin irritant |
Skin sensitiser |
?Possibly, status not identified |
✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Eye irritant |
Phototoxicant |
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✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
No data found |
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May cause hypotension May cause nausea and diarrhoea Gastrointestinal toxicant May cause dermatitis |
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Prevent generation of dust Hygroscopic |
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Health: H315, H319, H335 Environment: H400 |
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Not listed (Not listed) |
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choline chloride |
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chloride de choline |
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Cholinchlorid |
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cholin klorid |
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cloruro di colina |
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cloruro de colina |
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chlorek choliny |
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Record last updated: |
01/06/2024 |
Contact: |
aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: |
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |