Gliotoxin (Ref: SN 12879) |
Last updated: 23/05/2024
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(Also known as: aspergillin; Antibiotic SN 12870) |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate |
Ecotoxicity |
Human health |
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An obsolete mycotoxin with a range of applications including wood preservation, antibiotic and fungicide |
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Wood rot |
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Wood structures |
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Considered obsolete but may be available in some countries |
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- |
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Not approved |
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Not applicable |
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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No |
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ATAustria |
BEBelgium |
BGBulgaria |
CYCyprus |
CZCzech Republic |
DEGermany |
DKDenmark |
EEEstonia |
ELGreece |
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ESSpain |
FIFinland |
FRFrance |
HRCroatia |
HUHungary |
IEIreland |
ITItaly |
LTLithuania |
LULuxembourg |
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LVLatvia |
MTMalta |
NLNetherlands |
PLPoland |
PTPortugal |
RORomania |
SESweden |
SISlovenia |
SKSlovakia |
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ISIceland |
NONorway |
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Gliotoxin is a complex molecule with 4 chiral centres. |
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C₁₃H₁₄N₂O₄S₂ |
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CN1C(=O)C23CC4=CC=CC(C4N2C(=O)C1(SS3)CO)O |
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CN1C(=O)[C@]23CC4=CC=C[C@@H]([C@H]4N2C(=O)[C@]1(SS3)CO)O |
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FIVPIPIDMRVLAY-RBJBARPLSA-N |
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InChI=1S/C13H14N2O4S2/c1-14-10(18)12-5-7-3-2-4-8(17)9(7)15(12)11(19)13(14,6-16)21-20-12/h2-4,8-9,16-17H,5-6H2,1H3/t8-,9-,12+,13+/m0/s1 |
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Yes |
Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams |
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Common Name |
Relationship |
Link |
gliotoxin |
Unstated isomer |
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Fungicide, Other substance |
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Wood preservative |
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Micro-organism derived substance |
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>99% |
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- |
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Natural |
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Various mechanisms including inhibition of chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20S proteasome, Ca2+ release from mitochondria and activation of transcription factor NF-kB in response to a variety of stimuli in T and B cells. Proteasome inhibitor. |
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A potent epithiodioxopiperazine mycotoxin produced by species in the genera Gliocladium, Aspergillus and Penicillium |
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- |
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Wood preservation |
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Wood rot |
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Wood structures |
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- |
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67-99-2 |
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636-170-3 |
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- |
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- |
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6223 |
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No data found |
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326.40 |
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- |
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(3R,6S,10aR)-6-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-2,3,6,10-tetrahydro-5aH-3,10a-epidithiopyrazino(1,2-a)indole-1,4-dione |
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- |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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BM02 |
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- |
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White to pale yellow powder |
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700 |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source at 30 °C |
High |
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1000 |
Chloroform |
- |
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Decomposes on melting |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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221 |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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7.94 X 1002 |
Calculated |
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2.90 |
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Moderate |
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1.75 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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None
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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67 |
Rat |
High |
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HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION |
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High (class III) |
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67 |
Rat |
High |
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Carcinogen |
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Endocrine disruptor |
No data found |
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0 = No data |
No data found |
Reproduction / development effects |
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor |
Neurotoxicant |
No data found |
No data found |
No data found |
Respiratory tract irritant |
Skin irritant |
Skin sensitiser |
No data found |
No data found |
No data found |
Eye irritant |
Phototoxicant |
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No data found |
No data found |
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Has immunosuppressive properties |
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IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1 |
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Not listed (Not listed) |
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UN2811 |
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Packaging Group III (minor danger) |
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gliotoxin |
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Record last updated: |
23/05/2024 |
Contact: |
aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: |
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |