Polyoxin B

Polyoxin B	Last updated: 14/05/2026
(Also known as: polyoxim AL)

Hazard alerts

The following Pesticide Hazard Tricolour (PHT) alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement. The alerts for Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs) are based on applying the FAO/WHO (Type 1) and the PAN (Type II) criteria to PPDB data. Further details on the HHP indicators are given in the tables below. Neither the PHT nor the HHP hazard alerts take account of usage patterns or exposure, thus they do not represent risk.

PHT: Environmental fate	PHT: Ecotoxicity	PHT: Human health	Highly Hazardous Pesticide
Environmental fate Low alert: Non-persistent Warning: Significant data are missing	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Bees acute oral ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Low alert

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A microbial fungicide used lawns, top fruit and rice to control various pathogenic fungi

Example pests/issues controlled

Various plant pathogenic fungi including including Alternaria spp. and Botrytis spp. such as powdery mildews

Example applications

Top fruit; Vegetables; Ornamentals

Efficacy & activity

Appearance and life cycle

Taxonomic classification

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

GB LERAP status

No UK approval for use as a plant protection agent

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Spain

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Not applicable

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Japan; China

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Polyoxin B exhibits stereoisomerism due to multiple chiral centres in its molecular structure, which contribute to its complex three-dimensional configuration and biological specificity. The molecule contains several asymmetric carbon atoms, particularly within its sugar and peptide-like moieties, allowing for distinct stereoisomers that can influence its fungicidal activity.

Chemical formula

C₁₇H₂₅N₅O₁₃

Canonical SMILES

C1=C(C(=O)NC(=O)N1C2C(C(C(O2)C(C(=O)O)NC(=O)C(C(C(COC(=O)N)O)O)N)O)O)CO

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

YFZNSPMAOIVQRP-YVKGXWRCSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C17H25N5O13/c18-6(8(25)5(24)3-34-16(19)32)13(29)20-7(15(30)31)11-9(26)10(27)14(35-11)22-1-4(2-23)12(28)21-17(22)33/h1,5-11,14,23-27H,2-3,18H2,(H2,19,32)(H,20,29)(H,30,31)(H,21,28,33)/t5-,6-,7-,8+,9-,10+,11+,14+/m0/s1

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Biopesticide type

Fungicide

Substance groups

Micro-organism derived substance

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Natural

Mode of action

Systemic with protective action, inhibits cell wall biosynthesis

Substance source

Isolated from the soil bacterium Streptomyces cacaoi var asoensis

Uses

Crop protection

Farming system suitability

CAS RN

19396-06-6

EC number

243-024-9

CIPAC number

US EPA chemical code

PubChem CID

Molecular mass (Da)

507.41

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S,4S)-2-amino-5-carbamoyloxy-3,4-dihydroxypentanoyl]amino]-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl]oxolan-2-yl]acetic acid

CAS name

C1=C(C(=O)NC(=O)N1[Cat H]2[Cat at H]([Cat at H]([Cat H](O2)[Cat at H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[Cat H]([Cat at H]([Cat H](COC(=O)N)O)O)N)O)O)CO

Global Governance status: Listed (✓) under

UK Poisons List Order 1972	Rotterdam Convention	Montreal Protocol
XNo The Poisons List Order 1972	XNo Rotterdam Convention	XNo Montreal Protocol
Stockholm Convention	OSPAR	EU Water Framework Directive
XNo Stockholm Convention	XNo OSPAR	XNo EU Water Framework Directive

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Forever chemical

Highly Hazardous Pesticide (HHP)

Type I

Type II

Other status information

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Brown powder with musty odour

Commercial

Property

Value

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1965, first isolated

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

Example products using this active

Formulation and application details

Usually supplied as a wettable powder, emulsifiable concentrate or soluble granules

Commercial production

Polyoxin B is produced commercially through a fermentation process involving the bacterium Streptomyces cacaoi var. asoensis. The bacterium is cultivated in a suitable culture medium using large scale fermenters under controlled conditions. During fermentation, the bacterium produces a complex mixture of polyoxins, including polyoxin B. The complex is extracted from the culture medium and purified to isolate polyoxin B. This step may involve various chromatographic techniques to achieve the desired purity

Impact on climate of production and use

There are no precise, published data on the GHG emissions associated with the production of polyoxin B. However, it can be estimates from data for similar substances and this suggests emissions are in the range of 1.5–5.0 kg CO₂e per kg of product.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C at pH 7 (mg l⁻¹)

2470

High

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

13.5

Acetone

2250

Methanol

0.65

Ethyl acetate

0.65

Dichloromethane

Melting point (°C)

188

Decomposes

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

6.17 X 10^-02

Calculated

Log P

-1.21

Low

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.84

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

pKa(2) 6.9, pKa(3) 9.4

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

1.33 X 10⁰⁵

Highly volatile. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (Unknown measurement conditions)

DT₅₀ (typical)

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

Data for upland conditions, 2 soil types

Soil mineralisation

Aerobic (at 20 °C)

Anaerobic (at 20 °C)

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Slow

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 21000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short Term Oral NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Mammals - Long Term (Chronic) Oral NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

2150

Anas platyrhynchos

Low

Birds - Short term dietary LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ dw soil)

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹ dw soil)

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Vegetative vigour ER₅₀ (g ha⁻¹)

Seedling emergence ER₅₀ (g ha⁻¹)

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

28.8

Moderate

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Notes

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Beneficial insects (Butterflies)

Contact

Notes

Oral

Notes

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

100

Cyprinidae spp.

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

4.08

Unknown species

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic Plants (free-floating, fonds growth, fresh) - 7 day (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic plants (rooted, growth rate, fresh) - 14 day (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute (growth rate, fresh; mg l⁻¹) (EC₅₀)

> 100

Raphidocelis subcapitata

Low

Algae - Chronic (growth rate, fresh; mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

Regulatory Threshold Levels (RTLs)

Note: These RTLs have been calculated using the regulatory approach used in the European Union and based on ecotoxocity values in the PPDB.

Species group

RTL

Notes

Mammals

2100

Worst case of acute and chronic mammals

Birds

215

Worst case of acute and chronic birds

Soil organisms

No data

No data for acute and chronic earthworms

Terrestrial plants

No data

No data for non-target plants vegetative vigour and seedling emergence

Pollinators

0.576

Worst case of contact and oral honeybees

Arthropods

No data

No data for parasitic wasps and predatory mites

Fish

Worst case of temperate acute and chronic fish

Aquatic invertebrates

0.0408

Worst case of temperate acute and chronic aquatic invertebrates

Aquatic plants

Worst case of free-floating plants, rooted plants, acute and chronic algae

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 21000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short Term Oral NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Mammals - Long Term (Chronic) Oral NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

750

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 2.17

Rat

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues (hazard-based)

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

No further information available

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

No information available

CLP classification 2013

Not classified

WHO Classification

Not listed

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

polyoxin B

French

polyoxin B

German

Polyoxin

Danish

polyoxin

Italian

polioxin

Spanish

polioxina

Greek

Polish

polioksyna

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	14/05/2026
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242

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