Rotenone (Ref: ENT 133) |
Last updated: 23/10/2024
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(Also known as: derris root; derris; haiari; barbasco; aker-root) |
A naturally occurring chemical with multiple crop protection applications. It is moderately toxic. It is not environmentally persistent degrading in soil in a few days. It is not expected to leach from soil or contaminate groundwaters. It is highly toxic to all aquatic organisms, earthworms and to honeybees. |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate |
Ecotoxicity |
Human health |
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A insecticide within the class of rotenones which is now used mainly in fish management and for the control of a wide range of arthropod pests including aphids, thrips and spider mites. Also has livestock applications. |
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Aphids; Thrips; Beetles; Spider mites; Mosqiito larvae in wate; Lice; Fleas; Ticks |
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Fish; Domestic pets; Fruit; Vegetables; Livestock |
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- |
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- |
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Current |
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circa 1935, introduced |
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- |
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Not approved |
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Expired |
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Not applicable |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved |
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France |
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Expired |
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Not applicable |
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Yes |
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ATAustria |
BEBelgium |
BGBulgaria |
CYCyprus |
CZCzech Republic |
DEGermany |
DKDenmark |
EEEstonia |
ELGreece |
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ESSpain |
FIFinland |
FRFrance |
HRCroatia |
HUHungary |
IEIreland |
ITItaly |
LTLithuania |
LULuxembourg |
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LVLatvia |
MTMalta |
NLNetherlands |
PLPoland |
PTPortugal |
RORomania |
SESweden |
SISlovenia |
SKSlovakia |
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ISIceland |
NONorway |
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A chiral molecule. The technical material is a misture of the cis- and trans-forms |
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C₂₃H₂₂O₆ |
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CC(=C)C1CC2=C(O1)C=CC3=C2OC4COC5=CC(=C(C=C5C4C3=O)OC)OC |
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CC(=C)[C@H]1CC2=C(O1)C=CC3=C2O[C@@H]4COC5=CC(=C(C=C5[C@@H]4C3=O)OC)OC |
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JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-HBGVWJBISA-N |
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InChI=1S/C23H22O6/c1-11(2)16-8-14-15(28-16)6-5-12-22(24)21-13-7-18(25-3)19(26-4)9-17(13)27-10-20(21)29-23(12)14/h5-7,9,16,20-21H,1,8,10H2,2-4H3/t16-,20-,21+/m1/s1 |
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Yes |
Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams |
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Common Name |
Relationship |
Link |
rotenone |
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Insecticide, Acaricide, Veterinary substance |
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Plant-derived substance |
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- |
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Natural |
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Selective, non-systemic with contact and stomach action. Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor. |
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Occurs naturally in the roots and stems of several plants of the genus Lonchocarpus and Derris |
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Extracted from plant roots and stablised using phosphoric acid |
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Crop protection; public health applications; animal health |
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Aphids; Thrips; Beetles; Spider mites; Mosqiito larvae in wate; Lice; Fleas; Ticks |
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Fish; Domestic pets; Fruit; Vegetables; Livestock |
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- |
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83-79-4 |
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201-501-9 |
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38 |
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071003 |
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- |
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394.42 |
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- |
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(2R,6aS,12aS)-1,2,6,6a,12,12a-hexahydro-2-isopropenyl-8,9-dimethoxychromeno[3,4-b]furo[2,3-h]chromen-6-one |
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(2R,6aS,12aS)-1,2,12,12a-tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methylethenyl)(1)benzopyrano(3,4-b)furo(2,3-h)(1)benzopyran-6(6aH)-one |
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Marine Pollutant; Chemical subject to PIC regulations; PAN listed Highly Hazardous Chemical |
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- |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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21B |
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Not applicable |
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Epilachna varivestis, Leptinotarsa decemlineata |
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White powder |
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Prentox Cube Powder |
Prentiss Incorporated |
Vironone |
Vipesco |
Derris |
Nantong Shenyu Green Medicine Co., Ltd. |
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Usually formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate or dust |
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15.0 |
R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low |
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- |
- |
- |
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163 |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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215 |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1.45 X 1004 |
Calculated |
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4.16 |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
High |
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0.67 |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1.0 |
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Low volatility. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable |
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1.13 X 10-08 |
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Non-volatile |
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2 |
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Non-persistent |
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3 |
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Non-persistent |
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Best available data |
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2.5 |
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range1.8-3.3 days, 2 field grown crops, various matrices, n=2 |
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2.6 |
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.2-4.0 days, 2 field grown crops, various matrices, n=3 |
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1.3 |
C4 C = AGRITOX dataset. Dataset is no longer available. 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Non-mobile |
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10000 |
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None
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 132 |
Rat |
Moderate |
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10 |
Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Dog |
High |
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- |
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> 2600 |
Anas platyrhynchos |
Low |
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> 150 |
Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Eisenia foetida |
Moderate |
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> 0.24 |
Apis mellifera |
High |
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> 12 |
R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source Apis mellifera |
Moderate |
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> 0.68 |
R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source Bombus terrestris 72 hr |
High |
Literature LD₅₀ values range 0.17-0.97 µg bee⁻¹ |
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> 6.5 |
Chrysoperla carnea Larva |
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Harmful |
Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Parasitic wasp |
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Moderately harmful |
AA2 AA = IOBC Database on classification of side effects to beneficial organisms, 2005 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Typhlodromus pyri |
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0.0019 |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Oncorhynchus mykiss |
High |
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0.0012 |
Oncorhynchus mykiss 32 day LOEC |
High |
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0.011 |
Danio rerio Embryo |
High |
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0.004 |
Daphnia magna |
High |
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0.001 |
Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Daphnia magna |
High |
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0.0057 |
P3 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 3 = Unverified data of known source Unknown species |
High |
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HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION |
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High (class III) |
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> 132 |
Rat |
Moderate |
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5000 |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rabbit |
- |
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0.019 |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat |
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Intravenous LD₅₀ = 0.20 mg kg⁻¹ |
Rat |
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Subcutaneous LD₅₀ = 20.0 mg kg⁻¹ |
Rabbit |
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Around 20% of the administered dose is rapidly eliminated within 24 hrs in urine |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Carcinogen |
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Endocrine disruptor |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 3 = Negative |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Reproduction / development effects |
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor |
Neurotoxicant |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
No data found |
Respiratory tract irritant |
Skin irritant |
Skin sensitiser |
?Possibly, status not identified |
?Possibly, status not identified |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Eye irritant |
Phototoxicant |
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✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
No data found |
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Moderately toxic |
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IMDG Transport Hazard Classr 6.1 |
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Health: H301, H315, H319, H335 Environment: H400, H410 |
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II (Moderately hazardous) |
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UN2811 |
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Packaging Group III (minor danger) |
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- |
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rotenone |
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rotenone |
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Rotenon |
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rotenon |
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rotenone |
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rotenona |
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rotenon |
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rotenon |
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rotenon |
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Record last updated: |
23/10/2024 |
Contact: |
aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: |
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |