Carbosulfan (Ref: OMS 3022)

Carbosulfan (Ref: OMS 3022)	Last updated: 23/02/2024
(Also known as: FMC 35001)

SUMMARY

Carbosulfan is a widely used agricultural pesticide. It has a low aqueous solubility, is not volatile and, based on its chemical properties, it would not normally be expected to leach to groundwater. It would not normally persist in soil or water systems. It is moderately toxic to mammals, a skin sensitiser and a cholinesterase inhibitor. It shows a moderate to high ecotoxicity to most species.

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Drainflow: Slightly mobile; Potential for particle bound transport: Medium	Ecotoxicity High alert: Birds acute ecotoxicity: High; Birds chronic ecotoxicity: High; Fish acute ecotoxicity: High; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: High; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: High; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: High; Bees acute contact ecotoxicity: High; Earthworms acute ecotoxicity: High	Human health High alert: Mammals chronic toxicity: High; Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

An insecticide for control of soil dwelling and foliar pests

Example pests controlled

Rice stem borer; Millipedes; Springtails; Wireworms; Caterpillars; Flea beetles; Colarado beetles; Codling moth; Scale insects; Free-living nematodes

Example applications

Cotton; Sugarbeet; Sugarcane; Potatoes; Maize; Vegetables; Coffee; Rice

Efficacy & activity

Shown to be highly effective at killing a range of crop insect pests in field trials.

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1979, first reported; 1982, first introduced

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Belgium

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Australia

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₂₀H₃₂N₂O₃S

Canonical SMILES

CCCCN(CCCC)SN(C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC2=C1OC(C2)(C)C

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

JLQUFIHWVLZVTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C20H32N2O3S/c1-6-8-13-22(14-9-7-2)26-21(5)19(23)24-17-12-10-11-16-15-20(3,4)25-18(16)17/h10-12H,6-9,13-15H2,1-5H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Insecticide, Nematicide

Substance groups

Carbamate insecticide; Carbamate nematicide

Minimum active substance purity

865-890 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - Carbofuran <20 g kg⁻¹, 5-chlorocarbofuran <0.3 g kg⁻¹, N-nitrosodibutylamine <1 mg kg⁻¹

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Systemic with contact and stomach action. Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor.

CAS RN

55285-14-8

EC number

259-565-9

CIPAC number

417

US EPA chemical code

090602

PubChem CID

41384

CLP index number

006-084-00-5

Molecular mass

380.5

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl [(dibutylamino)sulfanyl]methylcarbamate

IUPAC name

2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl (dibutylaminothio)methylcarbamate

CAS name

2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl [(dibutylamino)thio]methylcarbamate

Other status information

PAN Bad Actor Chemical

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Culex pipiens pipiens, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Culex quinquefasciatus

Physical state

Orange-yellow viscous liquid

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Belchim
Fargro
Agrinoon Enterprise Limited
FMC

Example products using this active

Posse 10G
Marshal 10G
Advantage

Formulation and application details

Usually supplied as dry granules applied directly to soil or seed bed

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

0.11

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Miscible

Acetone

250000

Methanol

Miscible

Toluene

250000

Ethyl acetate

Melting point (°C)

Not applicable

Boiling point (°C)

219.3

Degradation point (°C)

219.5

Flashpoint (°C)

136.7

(unstabilised)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

2.63 X 10⁰⁷

Calculated

Log P

7.42

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Soluble

Data type

Regulatory data based on LogP

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.04

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

0.0359

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

0.124

Moderately volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

In acetonitrile: 200nm = 43420, 277.5nm = 3144
In acetonitrile:water (50:50): 292nm = 274

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

29.2

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

740

Very persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier Lab studies DT₅₀ range 9.5-19.4 d, DT₉₀ range 14.52-1465 days; field studies DT₅₀ range 0.35-71.9 d

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

3.3

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 2.9-4.0 days, 4 field crops, various matrices, n=6

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

3.6

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 4.0-4.9 days, 2 field crops, various matrices, n=2

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

0.6

Fast

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

0.5

Non-persistent

Note

pH sensitive: DT₅₀ 0.2 hours at pH 5, 7.2 days at pH 9, 20 °C

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

4.8

Fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

1.6

Moderately fast

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

52.5

Slightly mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

2113

¹/_n

1.00

Notes and range

EU dossier K_f range 40.69-75.32, K_foc range 1644-2652 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.96-1.04, Soils=4

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

0.89

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

1.60 X 10^-02

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Medium

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Slightly mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

990

Whole fish

Threshold for concern

CT₅₀ (days)

0.09

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

dibutylamine

Major fraction

0.215

carbofuran (Ref: OMS 864)

Major fraction

0.880

3-ketocarbofuran

Minor fraction

0.066

Known groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

2,3.-dihydro-2,2-diemethyl-7-benzofuranol (Ref: NIA 10272 )

carbofuran-7-phenol

Water/sediment; Plant

2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-3,7-benzofurandiol

3-hydroxy-7-phenol

Plant

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

101

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

1.2

Rat

High

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

1.2

Rat Reproductive NOAEL

High

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Anas platyrhynchos

High

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

3.99 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹

Anas platyrhynchos

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

2.5

Anas platyrhynchos NOEL

High

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

4.8

Lumbricus terrestris

High

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

0.18

Apis mellifera

High

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

1.04

Apis mellifera

Moderate

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as % Mortality at dose 0.12 kg ha⁻¹

100

Aphidius rhopalosiphi Adult corr

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as % Mortality at dose 0.12 kg ha⁻¹

Typhlodromus pyri Protonymph corr

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.015

Lepomis macrochirus

High

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.003

Oncorhynchus mykiss 14 day

High

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.0015

Daphnia magna

High

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.0032

Daphnia magna

High

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

0.0032

Chironomus riparius

High

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

0.0022

Chironomus riparius

High

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Raphidocelis subcapitata

Low

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

101

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

3700

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.61

Rat

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.005

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.005

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.005

Dermal penetration studies (%)

0.2

as formulation

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Impurites - N-nitrosodibutylamine - may be carcinogenic

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
Tackle fires with foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical methods
IMDG Transport Hazard Clsss 6.1

CLP classification 2013

Health: H301, H317, H330
Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

II (Moderately hazardous)

UN Number

UN2992

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group III (minor danger)

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

carbosulfan

French

carbosulfan

German

Carbosulfan

Danish

carbosulfan

Italian

carbosulfan

Spanish

carbosulfan

Greek

Polish

karbosulfan

Swedish

karbosulfan

Hungarian

karboszulfan

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	23/02/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242