Chlorpropham (Ref: ENT 18060)

Chlorpropham (Ref: ENT 18060)	Last updated: 21/08/2024
(Also known as: chlorproham; chlor-IFC; chlorprophame; chlor-IPC; CIPC; chloropropham)

SUMMARY

Chlorpropham is a residual herbicide and potato sprout suppressant. It is moderately soluble in water, highly volatile and moderately mobile. It is not persistent in soil but may be persistent in water systems. Chlorpropham has a low mammalian toxicity but it may bioaccumulate. It is a recognised irritant. It is moderately toxic to birds, honeybees and most aquatic organisms.

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Drainflow: Moderately mobile	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Birds chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Bees acute contact ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Moderate alert: Possible Carcinogen; Reproduction/development effects; Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor; Neurotoxicant

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A residual herbicide and potato sprout suppressant

Example pests controlled

Sprouting; Suckering; Annual and perennial broad-leaved weeds

Example applications

Alfalfa; Potatoes; Sugarbeet; Sweet potatoes; Tomatoes; Lettuce; Garlic; Cranberries; Blueberries; Tobacco

Efficacy & activity

Efficacy proven in field through extensive use in the EU and from field studies.

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1951, introduced

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Netherlands/Spain

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
	✓		✓			✓	✓	✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
		✓	✓					✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
	✓		✓	✓	✓	✓	✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₁₀H₁₂ClNO₂

Canonical SMILES

CC(C)OC(=O)NC1=CC(=CC=C1)Cl

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

CWJSHJJYOPWUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C10H12ClNO2/c1-7(2)14-10(13)12-9-5-3-4-8(11)6-9/h3-7H,1-2H3,(H,12,13)

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
chlorpropham	-

General status

Pesticide type

Herbicide, Plant Growth Regulator

Substance groups

Carbamate herbicide; Carbamate PGR; Carbanilate herbicide; Carbanilate PGR

Minimum active substance purity

975 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - 3-chloroaniline at max 0.25 g kg⁻¹

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Mitosis inhibitor, absorbed predominately by roots

CAS RN

101-21-3

EC number

202-925-7

CIPAC number

US EPA chemical code

018301

PubChem CID

2728

CLP index number

006-096-00-0

Molecular mass

213.66

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

propan-2-yl (3-chlorophenyl)carbamate

IUPAC name

isopropyl 3-chlorocarbanilate

CAS name

1-methylethyl (3-chlorophenyl)carbamate

Other status information

Currently being phased out in the EU.

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

UK Environment Agency non-statutory standard for the protection of aquatic life: freshwater and saltwater annual average 10 µg l⁻¹, max acceptable conc 40 µg l⁻¹

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Lolium rigidum

Physical state

White/brown crystals

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Certis
Whyte Agrochemicals
United Phosphorus
Chipman
Universal Crop Protection

Example products using this active

Croptex Pewter
Gro-Stop 100
BL500
Warefog 25
Preweed
Furloe

Formulation and application details

Usually supplied as concentrates, diluted and applied as spray in the field or as thermal fogging formulations for application in stores.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

110

Moderate

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

1000000

Heptane

1000000

Acetone

1000000

Xylene

1000000

Dichloromethane

Melting point (°C)

Boiling point (°C)

256

Degradation point (°C)

150

Flashpoint (°C)

435

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

5.75 X 10⁰³

Calculated

Log P

3.76

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Soluble

Data type

Regulatory data - observed in metabolism and farm animal feeding studies

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.18

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

Highly volatile. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

0.047

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

63.5

at 20 °C 98%

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Considered to be readily biodegradable

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

13.1

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

13.1

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

53.2

Moderately persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

42.8

worse case lab study

Note

EU 2017 dossier Lab studies DT₅₀ range 2.8-42.8 days, DT₉₀ range 18.8-142 days, Soils=8; EU 2003 dossier Lab studies: 2 tests DT₅₀ 22 and 27 days, DT₉₀ 73 and 90 days; Other sources: DT₅₀ 30 days (DW4)

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable pH 4 to pH 9 at 20 °C

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable pH 4 to pH 9 at 20 °C

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

35.4

Moderately fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Stable

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

6.79

Moderately mobile

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

470

Notes and range

EU 2016 dossier K_d range 4.31-9.99 mL g⁻¹, K_oc range 244-862 mL g⁻¹, Soils=7

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

6.41

Moderately mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

418

¹/_n

0.81

Notes and range

EU 2017 dossier K_f range 4.0-8.7 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 260-774 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.71-0.87, Soils=7

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

1.54

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

2.96 X 10^-02

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Moderately mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

3.8

Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 1.5E+06 OH/cm³, 12 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

144

Threshold for concern

CT₅₀ (days)

0.6

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

3-chloroaniline

Major fraction

0.186

Known groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

3-chloroaniline

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

4200

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

Rat 2 yr

(ppm diet)

> 2000

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

208.4

Rat Reproductive NOAEL

Low

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Colinus virginianus

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 5170 mg kg feed⁻¹

Colinus virginianus

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

94.7

Colinus virginianus NOAEL

Moderate

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

132

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Eisenia foetida corr

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: Field rate 100 Day

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

17.2

Folsomia candida corr

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

96.1

Apis mellifera

Moderate

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

505

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic as 10-day LDD₅₀ µg bee⁻¹ day⁻¹

12.0

Apis mellifera

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as % Mortality at dose 4.8 kg ha⁻¹

100

Aphidius rhopalosiphi Adult

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

1028

Typhlodromus pyri Protonymph

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

7.8

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.32

Brachydanio rerio

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

15.1

Danio rerio EC₅₀ Embryo

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

3.7

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

1.07

Lemna minor 7 day

Moderate

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

1.65

Navicula pelliculosa

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.32

Unknown species

Moderate

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

4200

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.47

Rat 4 hr (nose only aerosol)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.05

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.5

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.5

Dog SF=100

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.05

Dermal penetration studies (%)

19-54

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Minimal risk from dietary exposure
Risk assessment indicates ARfD would not normally be execeeded

Occupational

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

GB MRL expected to deviate from the EU MRL in mid-2023 - MRL expected to be lowered.

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Rapid and extensive mainly via the urine (82-92%)

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

IARC Group 3 carcinogen - not classifiable; CLP data - suspected carcingen
Possible spleen, bone-marrow & red blood cell toxicant

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1
Not explosive or oxidising

CLP classification 2013

Health: H351, H361d
Environment: H410

WHO Classification

U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard)

UN Number

UN2757

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group III (minor danger)

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

chlorpropham

French

chlorprophame

German

Chlorpropham

Danish

chlorpropham

Italian

clorprofam

Spanish

clorprofam

Greek

Polish

chloroprofam

Swedish

klorprofam

Hungarian

chlorpropham

Dutch

chloorprofam

Norwegian

Record last updated:	21/08/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242