2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid |
Last updated: 29/08/2024 |
(Also known as: 2,4,5-T; trioxone; 2,4,5-T acid) |
SUMMARY |
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid is an obsolete herbicide that was used mainly on non-cropped areas. It is moderately soluble in water, has low volatility and tends to be persistent in soil systems. 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid has a high potential for leaching to groundwater. Limited data is available regarding its toxicity to biodiversity but it is moderately toxic to fish and algae. This substance has a moderate oral mammalian toxicity and is a reproduction/developmental toxin. |
Data alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate | Ecotoxicity | Human health |
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Warning: Significant data are missing |
Warning: Significant data are missing |
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An obsolete herbicide used as a foliar spray to defoliate broad-leaved plants | |
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Deciduous brush; Total vegetation; Scrub control | |
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Non-crop areas including rough grass pastures, farmyards, ditchbanks, industrial sites, rights of way, roadways; railways | |
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- | |
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Considered obsolete but may be available in some countries | |
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circa 1947, introduced |
UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Not applicable | ||
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Additional information |
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Chemical structure |
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None | |
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C₈H₅Cl₃O₃ | |
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C1=C(C(=CC(=C1Cl)Cl)Cl)OCC(=O)O | |
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- | |
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SMYMJHWAQXWPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C8H5Cl3O3/c9-4-1-6(11)7(2-5(4)10)14-3-8(12)13/h1-2H,3H2,(H,12,13) | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid | - |
General status |
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Herbicide, Plant Growth Regulator | |
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Phenoxy herbicide; Auxin PGR | |
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- | |
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Synthetic | |
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Synthetic auxin, readily absorbed by foliage and roots and translocated throughout the plant. | |
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93-76-5 | |
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202-273-3 | |
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None allocated | |
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082001 | |
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1480 | |
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607-041-00-9 | |
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255.48 | |
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- | |
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(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid | |
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2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid | |
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Chemical subject to PIC regulations; POP; PAN Dirty Dozen; OSPAR soc; Potential marine pollutant; Potential groundwater pollutant | |
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- | |
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O | |
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4 | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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- | |
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Pale yellow crystalline solid |
Formulations |
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Usually formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate or ULV |
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268 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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400 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Heptane3 = Unverified data of known source |
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5000 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Ethanol3 = Unverified data of known source |
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5000 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Methanol3 = Unverified data of known source |
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5000 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Toluene3 = Unverified data of known source |
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156 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Decomposes before boiling | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1.00 X 1004 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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4.0 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Other data Log P=0.60-3.46 (USDA)3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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1.8 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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2.88 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Strong acid | |||||||||||
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0.01 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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1.2 X 10-06 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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Degradation |
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350 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Persistent | |||||||
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350 | Q5 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Persistent | ||||||||
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General literature gives DT₅₀ around 48 weeks | ||||||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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2.48 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
Very mobile | |||||||
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10 | ||||||||||
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USDA database Kd range 0.30-6.20 mL g⁻¹; Kioc range 39-186 mL g⁻¹, n=5; Other data Koc range 39-92,123 mL g⁻¹ | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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7.63 | Calculated | High leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1.21 X 1002 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Medium | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Very mobile | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Known soil and groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
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2,4,5-trichlorophenol | - | Surface water | - |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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500 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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1.3 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Oncorhynchus mykiss4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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5.0 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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200 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Ceriodaphnia dubia4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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2.0 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Green algae3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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500 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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The most probable route of exposure is via inhalation and dermal exposure | ||||||||||
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Non-statutory WHO drinking water guideline 0.009 mg l⁻¹ | B5 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) UK EA QS database 20185 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Health issues |
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Toxic by ingestion and inhalation May cause contact dermatitis |
Handling issues |
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No information available | |||
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Health: H302, H315, H319, H335 Environment: H400, H410 |
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Not classified: Obsolete (Not classified: Obsolete) | |||
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2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid | ||
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acide 2,4,5-trichloro phenoxyacetique | ||
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(2,4,5-Trichlor-phenoxy)-essigsaeure | ||
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acido (2,4,5-tricloro-fenossi)-acetico | ||
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kwas 2,4,5-trojchlorofenoksyoctowy | ||
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2,4,5-trichloor-fenoxy)-azijnzuur | ||
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Record last updated: | 29/08/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |