Cyazofamid (Ref: IKF 916)

Cyazofamid (Ref: IKF 916)	Last updated: 21/08/2024
(Not known by any other names)

SUMMARY

Cyazofamid is a foliar fungicide. It has a low aqueous solubility, is unlikely to leach to groundwater and is volatile. It is not persistent in soils or aquatic systems. Whilst it has a low mammalian toxicity there is some concern regarding its potential for bioaccumulation. It is a skin and eye irritant. It is moderately toxic to birds, most aquatic organisms, honeybees and earthworms.

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Drainflow: Slightly mobile; Potential for particle bound transport: Medium	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Birds chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Moderate alert: Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A protectant foliar applied fungicide used mainly for controlling Oomycete and Plasmodiophora diseases

Example pests controlled

Late blight; Downy mildew

Example applications

Potatoes; Tomatoes; Turf; Ornamentals; Curcubit vegetables

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

2001, registered UK, Japan and Korea

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

31/07/2029

UK LERAP status

None

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

France/Latvia

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

31/07/2036

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway
✓	✓

Additional information

Also used in

USA, Iran

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₁₃H₁₃ClN₄O₂S

Canonical SMILES

CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(N=C(N2S(=O)(=O)N(C)C)C#N)Cl

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

YXKMMRDKEKCERS-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C13H13ClN4O2S/c1-9-4-6-10(7-5-9)12-13(14)16-11(8-15)18(12)21(19,20)17(2)3/h4-7H,1-3H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
cyazofamid	-

General status

Pesticide type

Fungicide

Substance groups

Imidazole fungicide; Sulfonamide fungicide

Minimum active substance purity

935 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - None declared

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Foliar and soil preventative action with some residual activity. Respiration inhibitor, inhibition of complex III.

CAS RN

120116-88-3

EC number

601-671-8

CIPAC number

653

US EPA chemical code

085651

PubChem CID

9862076

CLP index number

616-166-00-8

Molecular mass

324.78

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

4-chloro-2-cyano-N,N-dimethyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-imidazole-1-sulfonamide

IUPAC name

4-chloro-2-cyano-N,N-dimethyl-5-p-tolylimidazole-1-sulfonamide

CAS name

4-chloro-2-cyano-N,N-dimethyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-imidazole-1-sulfonamide

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

White powder

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Belchim
ISK Biosciences

Example products using this active

Ranman
Docious
Mildicut
Pilarezox

Formulation and application details

Usually supplied as a suspension concentrate

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

0.107

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

41900

Acetone

5300

Toluene

Hexane

250

Octanol

Melting point (°C)

152.7

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

1.58 X 10⁰³

Calculated

Log P

3.2

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Insoluble

Data type

Regulatory data

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.45

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

0.0133

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

4.03 X 10^-02

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

279nm = 13400, 191nm = 5.100, no absorption above 330nm

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

72.5

at 20 °C 95.5% sat soln

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

4.5

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

24.5

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier Lab studies DT₅₀ range 5.9-15.1 days, DT₉₀ range 16.8-37.0 days

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

13.2

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 11.0-15.3 days, 2 field crops, various matrices, n=2

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

0.1

Fast

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Non-persistent

Note

pH sensitive: DT₅₀ 27.2 days at pH 5 and 20 °C, 25 days at pH 9 and 20 °C

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

6.2

Moderately fast

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

23.0

Slightly mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

1338

¹/_n

0.96

Notes and range

EU dossier K_f range 4.1-65.1, K_foc range 736-2172 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.83-1.07, Soils=4

pH sensitivity

None

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

0.57

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

2.96 X 10^-03

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Medium

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Slightly mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

6.288

Calculated using the Atkinson method, 12 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

286

Threshold for concern

CT₅₀ (days)

0.7

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

4-chloro-5-p-tolylimidazole-2-carboxamide

Major fraction

0.137

4-chloro-5-p-tolylimidazole-2-carboxylic acid

Major fraction

0.213

4-chloro-5-p-tolylimidazole-2-carbonitrile

Major fraction

0.313

Known groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

5-hydroxy-5-p-tolyl-2,4-imidazolidinedion

HTID

Water (Photolysis)

0.185

p-toluamide

Water (Photolysis)

0.121

6-(4-chloro-2-cyanoimidazol-5-yl)-N,N-dimethyl-m-toluenesulfonamide

CCTS

Water (Photolysis)

0.379

4-(4-chloro-2-cyanoimidazol-5-yl)benzoic acid

CCBA

Animal (Urine)

4-chloro-5-[â-(methylsulfonyl)-p-tolyl]imidazole-2-carbonitrile

CH3SO2-CCIM

Animal (Urine)

4-chloro-5-[â-(methylsulfinyl)-p-tolyl]imidazole-2-carbonitrile

CH3SO-CCIM

Animal (Urine)

dimethylsulfamic acid
Note: Oral LD50(rat)=2948mg/kg

DMSA

Rat

2-cyano-N,N-dimethyl-5-p-tolylimidazole-4-sulfonamide

CDTS

Surface water

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

29.5

Rat

High

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

> 936

Rat Reproductive NOAEL

Low

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Colinus virginianus

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 5000 ppm

Colinus virginianus

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

150.7

Coturnix japonica NOAEL

Moderate

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 500

Eisenia foetida corr

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

2.0

Eisenia foetida 56 day corr

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 1.07 mg kg⁻¹ soil 28 Day

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

37.4

Folsomia candida

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 151.7

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic as 10-day LDD₅₀ µg bee⁻¹ day⁻¹

42.12

Apis mellifera

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 253

Coccinella septempunctata Larva

Beneficial insects (Lacewings) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 209.4

Chrysoperla carnea

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 209.4

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

256

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.56

Salmonidae spp.

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.13

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

1.14

Danio rerio EC₅₀ Embryo

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.19

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.11

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

0.0117

Chironomus riparius 23 day

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

0.033

Unknown species

Moderate

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.025

Raphidocelis subcapitata

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 5.5

Rat 4 hr (whole body)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.17

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.045

Dermal penetration studies (%)

100

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Minimal risk of dietary exposure
Slight risk to bystanders from spray drift
Source: US EPA

Occupational

Low risk

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

General human health issues

Possible kidney & liver toxicant

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not oxidising or explosive
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable
IMDG Transport Hazard Class 9

CLP classification 2013

Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard)

UN Number

UN3077

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group III (minor danger)

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures and direct sunlight.

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

cyazofamid

French

cyazofamid

German

Cyazofamid

Danish

cyazofamid

Italian

cyazofamid

Spanish

ciazofamida

Greek

Polish

cyazofamid

Swedish

cyazofamid

Hungarian

Dutch

cyazofamid

Norwegian

cyazofamid

Record last updated:	21/08/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242