Cycloxydim (Ref: BAS 517H) |
Last updated: 24/07/2024 |
(Also known as: cycloxydime; LAB 172 999) |
SUMMARY |
Cycloxydim is a systemic herbicide. It is moderately soluble in aqueous solution, is unlikely to leach to groundwater and is relatively volatile. It is not persistent in soils and is unlikely to persist in aquatic systems due to rapid aqueous photolysis. It has a low mammalian toxicity and, whilst the chemical properties suggest it may bioaccumulate, that does not appear to happen in practice. It is a skin and eye irritant. It is moderately toxic to birds, honeybees, earthworms and aquatic invertebrates. However, its is not particularly toxic to fish or other aquatic organisms. |
Data alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate | Ecotoxicity | Human health |
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A post-emergence foliar applied grass herbicide | |
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Black grass; Volunteer cereals; Black bent; Onion couch | |
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Sugarbeet; Fodder beet; Mangels; Linseed; Vegetables including brassicas, beans, peas, leeks, carrots, swede; Fruit including strawberries; Potatoes | |
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- | |
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Current | |
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1989, registered France |
UK regulatory status |
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Approved | ||
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31/05/2026 | ||
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None |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Netherlands/Denmark | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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31/08/2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Additional information |
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Morocco |
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Chemical structure |
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A chiral molecule existing in both the E- and the Z-forms depending on the polarity and the pH of the respective environment in which the molecule sits. The Z-isomer is predominate in acidic situations. | |
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C₁₇H₂₇NO₃S | |
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CCCC(=C1C(=O)CC(CC1=O)C2CCCSC2)NOCC | |
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No data | |
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GGWHBJGBERXSLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C17H27NO3S/c1-3-6-14(18-21-4-2)17-15(19)9-13(10-16(17)20)12-7-5-8-22-11-12/h12-13,19H,3-11H2,1-2H3/b18-14- | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Herbicide | |
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Cyclohexanedione herbicide; Cyclohexene oxime herbicide | |
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940 g kg⁻¹ | |
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EU dossier - None declared | |
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Synthetic | |
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Selective, systemic, absorbed by foliage. Acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitor (ACCase) - distrupts fatty acid biosynthesis and lipid formation. | |
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101205-02-1 | |
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405-230-9 | |
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510 | |
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- | |
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91765 | |
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606-147-00-2 | |
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325.46 | |
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(5E)-2-[(1E)-N-ethoxybutanimidoyl]-3-hydroxy-5-[(3E)-thian-3-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one | |
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(5RS)-2-[(EZ)-1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-3-hydroxy-5-[(3RS)-thian-3-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one | |
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2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-3-hydroxy-5-(tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one | |
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- | |
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- | |
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A | |
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1 | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Alopecurus myosuroides, Avena sterilis | |
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Colourless crystals |
Formulations |
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Often supplied as an emulsion concentrate which is mixed with water and applied as a spray to dry foliage |
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53 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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250000 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Acetone4 = Verified data |
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810000 | C4 C = AGRITOX dataset. Dataset is no longer available. Ethanol4 = Verified data |
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29000 | C4 C = AGRITOX dataset. Dataset is no longer available. Hexane4 = Verified data |
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250000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Ethyl acetate3 = Unverified data of known source |
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37.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Decomposes before boiling | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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200 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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2.29 X 1001 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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1.36 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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Insoluble | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Regulatory data - cycloxydim not present in plants and no metabolite accumulation seen in fat | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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1.12 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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4.17 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Weak acid | |||||||||||
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0.01 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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6.14 X 10-05 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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Neutral solution: >290nm = 10 Methanol: 210nm = 7200, 227nm = 4100, 259nm = 1000, 278nm = 9300, 290nm = 7900, 300nm = 4400 |
A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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58.0 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) at 20°C 0.5%w/w5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Degradation |
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0.65 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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0.65 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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5 | Y4 Y = Germany's Federal Environment Agency (UBA) (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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3.47 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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EU Dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 0.2-2.6 days, DT₉₀ range 0.5-8.6 days; Other lab studies DT₅₀ 1-12 days | ||||||||||
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0.05 | B4 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Fast | |||||||
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172 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Persistent | |||||||
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pH sensitive: DT₅₀ 1.7 days at pH 3, 8.3 days at pH 5, 172 days at pH 7, 206 days at pH 9 all at 24 °C | ||||||||||
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20.8 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Fast | ||||||||
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4.5 | K4 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Moderately fast | ||||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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0.38 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Mobile | |||||||
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59 | ||||||||||
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EU dossier Kd range 0.03-0.73 mL g⁻¹, Koc range 5-183 mL g⁻¹, Soils=4; Other studies 5-185 mL g⁻¹ | ||||||||||
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None but little adsorption observed on soils pH >6 |
Fate indices |
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1.56 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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4.19 X 10-03 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Low | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Mobile | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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2.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 1.5E+06 OH/cm³, 12 hr5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Below the level of concern for long-range air transport | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Low risk | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Based on LogP < 35 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low risk | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No data | - |
Known soil metabolites |
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Major fraction | 0.904 | - | |||||
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Minor fraction | 0.095 | - | |||||
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Minor fraction | 0.099 | - | |||||
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Minor fraction | - | - |
Known groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
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2-butanimidoyl-3-hydroxy-5-(1-oxidotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one (Ref: BH 517-T1SO) Note: Low aquatic toxicity |
- | Animal; Surface water; Sediment | - | ||||
2-propyl-6-(3-thianyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzoxazol-4-one S-dioxide (Ref: BH 517-T2SO2) | cycloxydim oxazole metabolite | Plant | - | ||||
3-(1-oxidotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl)pentanedioic acid (Ref: BH 517-TGSO) | - | Plant | - | ||||
3-(3-thianyl)glutaric acid S- dioxide (Ref: BH 517-TGSO2) | - | Plant | - | ||||
3-hydroxy-3-(3-thianyl)glutaric acid S-dioxide (Ref: BH 517-OH-TGSO2) | - | Plant | - | ||||
2-butanimidoyl-5-(1,1-dioxidotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl)-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-one (Ref: BH 517-T1SO2) | - | Plant | - | ||||
2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-5-(3-thianyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one (Ref: BH 517-5-OH TS) | - | Plant | - | ||||
2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-5-(3-thianyl)-2-cycloexene-1-one S-oxide (Ref: BH 517-5-OH-TSO) | - | Plant | - | ||||
2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-5-(3-thianyl)-2-cycloexene-1-one S-dioxide (Ref: BH 517-5-OH-TSO2) | - | Plant | - | ||||
2-propyl-6-(3-thianyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzoxazol-4-one S-oxide (Ref: BH 517-6-OH-T2SO) | - | Plant | - | ||||
2-propyl-6-(3-thianyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzoxazol-4-one (Ref: BH 517-T2S) | cycloxydim oxazole metabolite | Plant; Surface water | - | ||||
2-butanimidoyl-3-hydroxy-5-(tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one (Ref: BH 517-T1S) Note: Low aquatic toxicity |
- | Surface water; Sediment; Animal | - |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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3940 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 10 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Dog5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | |||||||
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> 300 | - | |||||||||
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129 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Unknown species Reproductive NOAEL5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 2000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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496.8 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹ | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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65.4 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 500 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida corr5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect |
A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Dose: 2.5 kg ha⁻¹ 28 Day |
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> 100 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | |||||||
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> 101.7 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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2.4 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Chrysoperla carnea Larva corr5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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90.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Aphidius rhopalosiphi5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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137.6 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Typhlodromus pyri5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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> 220 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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21.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 70.8 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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62.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 100 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Lemna gibba5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 74.9 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Anabaena flos-aquae5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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10 | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Unknown species2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Low | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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3940 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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2000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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> 5.28 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat 4 hr (nose only)5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.07 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat SF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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2.0 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat SF=1004 = Verified data |
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0.1 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Dog SF=1004 = Verified data |
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Negligible risk to bystanders | |||||||||
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PPE/PPC recommended | ||||||||||
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GB MRL expected to deviate from the EU MRL in mid-2023 | ||||||||||
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Health issues |
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No further information available |
Handling issues |
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Not expected to auto-ignite; Flammable Not explosive or oxidising |
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Health: H361d | |||
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III (Slightly hazardous) | |||
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Not regulated | |||
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Stable under ambient conditions |
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cycloxydim | ||
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cycloxydime | ||
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Cycloxydim | ||
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cycloxydim | ||
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cicloxidim | ||
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cicloxidim | ||
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cykloksydym | ||
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cykloxidim | ||
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cikloxidim | ||
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cycloxydim | ||
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sykloksydim |
Record last updated: | 24/07/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |