Dicofol (Ref: ENT 23648) |
Last updated: 21/08/2024 |
(Also known as: kelthane; FW-293; decofol; DTMC) |
SUMMARY |
Dicofol is an organochloride acaricide. It has a low aqueous solubility, volatile and, based on its chemical properties, is unlikely to leach to groundwater. It is moderately persistent in soils but does not normally persist in water. It is moderately toxic to mammals and has a high tendency to bioaccumulate. Dicofol is also an irritant and neurotoxin. It has a moderate toxicity to most biodiversity including honeybees and earthworms. |
Data alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate | Ecotoxicity | Human health |
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An acaricide used to control many species of phytophagous mite on a range of food and ornamental crops | |
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Various mites including Pacific mite; two-spotted spider mite, tropical mites, tomato russet mite, citrus mite, European red mite | |
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Vegetables including beans, squash, peppers; Cotton; Cucumbers; Hops; Fruit including apples, pears, citrus, grapes | |
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- | |
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Current | |
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1956, first reported; 1957, first marketed USA |
UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Expired | ||
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Spain | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Expired | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Additional information |
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Chemical structure |
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Isomeric - the o,p'-substituted isomer is chiral and may have enantiomer-specific activity but, the stereospecific activity of o,p'-dicofol has not been reported. | |
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C₁₄H₉Cl₅O | |
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C1=CC(=CC=C1C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)O)Cl | |
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Clc1ccc(cc1)C(O)(c2ccc(Cl)cc2)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl | |
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UOAMTSKGCBMZTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C14H9Cl5O/c15-11-5-1-9(2-6-11)13(20,14(17,18)19)10-3-7-12(16)8-4-10/h1-8,20H | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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dicofol | - |
General status |
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Acaricide | |
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Organochloride insecticide; Organochloride acaricide; Bridged diphenyl insecticide; Bridged diphenyl acaricide | |
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- | |
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- | |
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Synthetic | |
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Non-systemic with contact action. CNS toxin. | |
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115-32-2 | |
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204-082-0 | |
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123 | |
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10501 | |
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8268 | |
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603-044-00-4 | |
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370.49 | |
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2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethan-1-ol | |
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2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol | |
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4-chloro-α-(4-chlorophenyl)-α-(trichloromethyl)benzenemethanol | |
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POP candidate; OSPAR pfa/soc; Chemical subject to PIC regulations | |
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- | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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UN | |
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Not applicable | |
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Panonychus citri, Tetranychus arabicus, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetranychus urticae, many others | |
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White crystals |
Formulations |
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Usually supplied as emulsifiable concentrates and wettable powders |
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0.8 | B5 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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2600000 | C4 C = AGRITOX dataset. Dataset is no longer available. Dichloromethane4 = Verified data |
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2750000 | C4 C = AGRITOX dataset. Dataset is no longer available. Methanol4 = Verified data |
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1350000 | C4 C = AGRITOX dataset. Dataset is no longer available. Xylene4 = Verified data |
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400000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Acetone3 = Unverified data of known source |
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370.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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193 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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193 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources (open cup)3 = Unverified data of known source |
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2.00 X 1004 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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4.3 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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Soluble | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Regulatory data - observed in metabolism and farm animal feeding studies | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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1.45 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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0.25 | B5 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low volatility. If applied directly to plants, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable | ||||||||
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2.45 X 10-02 | H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database. Dataset is no longer available. 4 = Verified data |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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Degradation |
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80 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately persistent | |||||||
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45 | DW4 DW = Don Wauchope personal database for Pka data: Wauchope, R. D. and Edwards, J. Dissociation constants for pesticide active ingredients: a database and comparison with predicted values. Dataset is no longer available. 4 = Verified data |
Moderately persistent | ||||||||
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Best available data DT₅₀ range 40-80 days | ||||||||||
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3.7 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.7-5.9 days, 5 field & undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=6 | ||||||||||
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2.7 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 2.6-2.8 days, 36 field crops, various matrices, n=3 | ||||||||||
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26 | K3 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Slow | |||||||
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3.3 | K3 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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pH sensitive: DT₅₀ 85 days at pH 5, 26 minutes at pH 9 (L3) | ||||||||||
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29 | K2 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here ) 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Fast | ||||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | H3 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database. Dataset is no longer available. 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-mobile | |||||||
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6064 | ||||||||||
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Other source: 6945 mL g⁻¹ sandy soil (H3); 5000 (G3) | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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0.36 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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8.34 X 10-03 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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High | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Non-mobile | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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10000 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Whole fish4 = Verified data |
High potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not available | - |
Known soil metabolites |
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- | - | Aerobic | |||||
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- | - | Aerobic | |||||
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- | - | Aerobic | |||||
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- | - | Aerobic | |||||
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- | - | Aerobic | |||||
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- | - | Anaerobic | |||||
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- | - | Photolysis | |||||
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- | - | Aerobic |
Known groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
None
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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578 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.25 | L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat 2 yr2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
High | |||||||
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5 | - | |||||||||
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1418 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Coturnix japonica3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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43.1 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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19 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Apis mellifera3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | |||||||
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> 10 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Apis mellifera3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Moderately harmful | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Parasitic wasp2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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Harmful | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Predatory mite2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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0.51 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Lepomis macrochirus3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.0044 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Oncorhynchus mykiss3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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3.83 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Danio rerio EC₅₀ Embryo3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.14 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Daphnia magna3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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125 | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Daphnia magna2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Low | ||||||||
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630 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Chironomus dilutus Growth3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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0.075 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Scenedesmus subspicatus3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.05 | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Unknown species2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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578 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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2500 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rabbit3 = Unverified data of known source |
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5.0 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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0.002 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.15 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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None allocated | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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List I; List II | - | - | ||||||||
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Low risk to Europeans as no longer approved for use | |||||||||
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Low risk to Europeans as no longer approved for use | ||||||||||
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Health issues |
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Harmful by inhalation, ingestion and through skin contact IARC Group 3 carcinogen - not classifiable; US EPA - possible human carcinogen Endocrine issues - Inhibition of androgen synthesis |
Handling issues |
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No information available | |||
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Health: H302, H312, H315, H317 Environment: H400, H410 |
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II (Moderately hazardous) | |||
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dicofol | ||
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dicofol | ||
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Dicofol | ||
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dicofol | ||
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dicofol | ||
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dicofol | ||
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dicofol | ||
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dikofol | ||
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dicofol | ||
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Record last updated: | 21/08/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |