Dieldrin (Ref: ENT 16225 ) |
Last updated: 24/08/2024 |
(Also known as: dieldrex; dieldrite; SD 3417; dieldrine) |
SUMMARY |
Dieldrin is an obsolete insecticide. It has a low aqueous solubility and is volatile. Based on its chemical properties, it is not expected to leach to groundwater. Its data suggests it is very persistent in soils and is non-mobile. It is highly toxic to mammals with a high potential for bioaccumulation. It is a neurotoxin and probably a mutagen. Dieldrin has a moderate toxicity to birds, aquatic invertebrates and algae but considered to be more toxic to fish and honeybees. |
Data alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate | Ecotoxicity | Human health |
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An obsolete cyclodiene insecticide. Can also be a pesticide transformation product | |
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Termites; Locusts; Wood eating insects; Fabric eating insects | |
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Wood; Fabrics; Public health situations | |
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- | |
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Considered obsolete but may be available in some countries; Banned in many countries | |
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1949, first reported |
UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Not applicable | ||
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Additional information |
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Chemical structure |
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Dieldrin is a stereoisomer of endrin | |
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C₁₂H₈Cl₆O | |
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C1C2C3C(C1C4C2O4)C5(C(=C(C3(C5(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl | |
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C1[C@@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]1[C@H]4[C@@H]2O4)[C@]5(C(=C([C@@]3(C5(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl | |
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DFBKLUNHFCTMDC-PICURKEMSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C12H8Cl6O/c13-8-9(14)11(16)5-3-1-2(6-7(3)19-6)4(5)10(8,15)12(11,17)18/h2-7H,1H2/t2-,3+,4+,5-,6-,7+,10+,11- | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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dieldrin | Unstated isomer |
General status |
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Insecticide, Metabolite | |
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Soil | |
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Cyclodiene insecticide | |
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- | |
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- | |
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Synthetic | |
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Central nervous system stimulant. GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist. Contact and stomach action | |
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60-57-1 | |
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200-484-5 | |
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16 | |
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045001 | |
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969491 | |
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602-049-00-9 | |
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380.91 | |
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(1aR,2R,2aS,3S,6R,6aR,7S,7aS)-3,4,5,6,9,9-hexachloro-1a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a-octahydro-2,7:3,6-dimethanonaphth[2,3-b]oxirene | |
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(1R,4S,4aS,5R,6R,7S,8S,8aR)-1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-6,7-epoxy-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene | |
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(1aR,2R,2aS,3S,6R,6aR,7S,7aS)-rel-3,4,5,6,9,9-hexachloro-1a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a-octahydro-2,7:3,6-dimethanonaphth(2,3-b)oxirene | |
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WFD priority substance; POP; LRTAP Annex I; PAN Dirty Dozen; OSPAR soc; Marine Pollutant; Rotterdam Convention (Class O) - subject to PIC regulations | |
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EU Directive 2008/105/EC EQS sum of all cyclodiene pesticides in: Inland surface waters as annual average: 0.01 µg l⁻¹; Other surface waters; 0.005 µg l⁻¹ | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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2A | |
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Not applicable | |
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Many recorded cases, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes obscurus, Anopheles sacharovi, Blattella germanica, Chironomus zealandicus, Epitrix cucumeris, Plusia gamma | |
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White to light brown crystals | |
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Can be a metabolite of: |
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aldrin | Soil | - | - |
Formulations |
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Usually supplied in a variety of formulations including wettable powders, granules and emulsifiable concentrates |
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0.14 | H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database. Dataset is no longer available. 4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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177 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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385 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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5.01 X 1003 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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3.7 | H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database. Dataset is no longer available. 4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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Soluble | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Regulatory data - observed in metabolism and farm animal feeding studies | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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1.75 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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Not applicable | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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No dissociation | |||||||||||
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0.024 | H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database. Dataset is no longer available. 4 = Verified data |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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6.50 X 10-02 | H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database. Dataset is no longer available. 4 = Verified data |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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- | - | - |
Degradation |
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- | ||||||||||
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1400 | M4 M = GLEAMS Model database (Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems). Dataset no longer available. 4 = Verified data |
Very persistent | |||||||
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2000 | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Very persistent | ||||||||
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Best available data, PIC DGD DT₅₀ 5 years; Other sources: DT₅₀ 800-900 days (R3) | ||||||||||
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6.8 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 6.5-7.0 days, 2 field crops, various matrices, n=2 | ||||||||||
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6.0 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 2.0-10.0 days, 6 field crops, various matrices, n=8 | ||||||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | H3 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database. Dataset is no longer available. 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-mobile | |||||||
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12000 | ||||||||||
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1563 | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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0.95 | ||||||||||
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Mean of 3 soils. Organic Kf=4246; Sandy loam Kf=338; Sand Kf=106 | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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-0.26 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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5.35 X 10-03 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Estimated concentrations of chemicals with Koc values greater than 9995 ml g⁻¹ are beyond the scope of the regression data used in SCI-GROW development. If there are concerns for such chemicals, a higher tier groundwater exposure assessment should be considered, regardless of the concentration returned by SCI-GROW | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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High | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Non-mobile | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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35000 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Whole body (Literature values Log BCF range 1.4-4.1 (3 = Unverified data of known source R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications ))3 = Unverified data of known source |
High potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1 | - |
Known metabolites |
None
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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46 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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- | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Rat2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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0.5 | - | |||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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153 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Anas platyrhynchos3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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100 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Eisenia foetida4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.32 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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0.029 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Trigona spinipes4 = Verified data |
High | |||||||
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Contact | ||||||||||
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0.0036 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Megachile rotundata4 = Verified data |
High | |||||||
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Contact | ||||||||||
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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0.0012 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Oncorhynchus mykiss4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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0.00225 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Danio rerio Embryo3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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0.25 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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57 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Chironomus dilutus 10 day LC₅₀3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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0.1 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Chlorella pyrenoidosa4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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- | - | - |
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- | - | - |
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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46 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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60 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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List II | - | - | ||||||||
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Can be absorbed into the body via dermal and inhalation routes | ||||||||||
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0.03 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) PIC DGD - WHO recommendation max limit 0.03 µg l⁻¹5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Health issues |
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Extremely hazardous Exposure can lead to convulsions IARC Group 3 carcinogen - not classifiable; CLP data - suspected carcinogen; US EPA - probable human carcinogen Endocrine issues - Competitive binding to androgen receptors, estrogenic effect |
Handling issues |
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No information available | |||
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Health: H301, H310, H351, H372 Environment: H400, H410 |
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Ib (Highly hazardous) | |||
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dieldrin | ||
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dieldrine | ||
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Dieldrin | ||
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dieldrin | ||
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dieldrin | ||
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dieldrin | ||
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dieldrin | ||
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dieldryna | ||
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dieldrine | ||
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- |
Record last updated: | 24/08/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |