Ethalfluralin (Ref: EL 161) |
Last updated: 23/08/2024 |
(Also known as: ethalfluraline; HSDB 6474) |
SUMMARY |
Ethalfluralin is a pre-plant soil applied herbicide. It has a low aqueous solubility and is highly volatile. It may be moderately persistent in some soil systems but is not expected to be persistent in water systems. Based on its physico-chemical properties it is not expected to leach to groundwater. Its toxicity to biodiversity tends to be classed as moderate. The exceptions to this is that it is highly toxic to algae but has a low avian toxicity. Ethalfluralin has a low oral mammalian toxicity and is a skin sensitiser. |
Data alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate | Ecotoxicity | Human health |
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A pe-plant soil-applied herbicide used to control most germinating annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds | |
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Volunteer grains; Barnyard grass; Crab grass; Carpetweed; Chickweed; Foxtail; Nightshade; Pigweed; Shattercane; Russian thistle | |
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Soybeans; Curcubits; Dry beans; Sunflowers; Potatoes; Canola; Peanuts; Lentils; Cotton; Melon, Hemp | |
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- | |
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Voluntarily withdrawn | |
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1971, first synthesised; circa 1975, first registered Turkey; 1983, first registered USA |
UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Not applicable | ||
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Greece | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Additional information |
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USA |
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Chemical structure |
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None | |
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C₁₃H₁₄F₃N₃O₄ | |
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CCN(CC(=C)C)C1=C(C=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])C(F)(F)F)[N+](=O)[O-] | |
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No data | |
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PTFJIKYUEPWBMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C13H14F3N3O4/c1-4-17(7-8(2)3)12-10(18(20)21)5-9(13(14,15)16)6-11(12)19(22)23/h5-6H,2,4,7H2,1,3H3 | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Herbicide | |
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Dinitroaniline herbicide | |
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950 g kg⁻¹ | |
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EU dossier - nitrosamines | |
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Synthetic | |
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Selective. Microtube inhibitor - reducing seedling root growth. | |
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55283-68-6 | |
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259-564-3 | |
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516 | |
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113101 | |
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41381 | |
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No data found | |
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333.3 | |
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- | |
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N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-N-(2-methylallyl)-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine | |
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N-ethyl-N-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine | |
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Chemical subject to PIC regulations; Risk of drift | |
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- | |
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K1 | |
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3 | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Lolium rigidum | |
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Yellow to orange coloured crystals |
Formulations |
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Usually supplied as an emulsifiable concentrate |
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0.01 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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1000000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Acetone5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
130000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) n-Hexane5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
124000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Methanol5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
1000000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Dichloromethane5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
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55.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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Decomposes before boiling | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | ||||||||
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256 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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1.29 X 1005 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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5.11 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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- | - | - | |||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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Not applicable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
No dissociation | |||||||||||
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12 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Highly volatile. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable | ||||||||
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18.0 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately volatile | ||||||||
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- | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 48 hr4 = Verified data |
- | |||||||
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3.2 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 48 hr4 = Verified data |
Volatilisation is not considered critical for air pollution | ||||||||
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Neutral solution: 269nm = 8110, 377nm = 2330 Acidic solution: 269nm = 8060, 377nm = 2360 Basic solution: 269nm = 7860, 377nm = 2360 |
A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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- | - | - |
Degradation |
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- | ||||||||||
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45 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately persistent | |||||||
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39.8 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately persistent | ||||||||
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53 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately persistent | ||||||||
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107 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Persistent | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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EU dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 20-70 days, DT₉₀ range 80-155 days, field study DT₅₀ range 21-104 days; Other sources: 60 days (DW4) | ||||||||||
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- | - | - | |||||||
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- | ||||||||||
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- | - | - | |||||||
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- | ||||||||||
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0.3 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data |
Fast | |||||||
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- | ||||||||||
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Stable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Stable | |||||||
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Not pH sensitive: DT₅₀ > 1 year pH 3 to pH 9 at 20 °C | ||||||||||
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13.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Fast | ||||||||
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10.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately fast | ||||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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- |
Soil adsorption and mobility |
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55.8 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-mobile | |||||||
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6364 | ||||||||||
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EU dossier Kd range 15.6-95.9 mL g⁻¹, Koc range 5200-7992 mL g⁻¹, Soils=4 | ||||||||||
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48.6 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-mobile | |||||||
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5356 | ||||||||||
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0.964 | ||||||||||
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EU dossier Kd range 11.9-97.0, Kfoc range 3967-8083 mL g⁻¹, 1/n range 0.954-0.984, Soils=4 | ||||||||||
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No |
Fate indices |
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0.47 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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9.71 X 10-03 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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High | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Non-mobile | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1.8 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Calculated using the Atkinson method4 = Verified data |
Below the level of concern for long-range air transport | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1330 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Whole fish5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Threshold for concern | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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3 | - |
Known soil metabolites |
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Minor fraction | 0.036 | Photolysis | |||||
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Minor fraction | - | Anaerobic | |||||
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Minor fraction | - | Aerobic | |||||
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Minor fraction | - | Anaerobic | |||||
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Minor fraction | - | Aerobic | |||||
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Minor fraction | - | Anaerobic | |||||
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Minor fraction | - | Aerobic | |||||
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Minor fraction | 0.013 | Photolysis | |||||
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Minor fraction | 0.032 | Aerobic | |||||
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Minor fraction | 0.040 | - | |||||
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Minor fraction | 0.043 | - |
Known groundwater metabolites |
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Relevant | - | - |
Other known metabolites |
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N-ethyl-N-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3-benzenetriamine | - | Water (Anaerobic) | - | ||||
2-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-4-nitro-1H-benzimidazole | - | Water (Photolysis) | - | ||||
1-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-nitro-6-trifluoro-methyl-1H-benzimidazole | - | Water (Photolysis) | - |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 5000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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- | - | - | |||||||
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- | - | |||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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> 2000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 832 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹ | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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> 1000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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25.3 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect |
A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Dose: 6.92 mg kg⁻¹ soil |
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> 100 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | |||||||
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> 109.9 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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< 33.4 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Aphidius rhopalosiphi5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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> 639 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Typhlodromus pyri5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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- | - | - |
Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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0.136 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.0004 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss 50 day4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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3.35 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Danio rerio EC₅₀ Embryo3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 0.13 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.0237 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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0.23 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Americamysis bahia5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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0.3 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Chironomus riparius5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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0.080 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Lemna gibba5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.009 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 5000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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2000 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rabbit4 = Verified data |
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> 2.8 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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List II | - | - | ||||||||
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No unacceptable risks to bystanders identified | |||||||||
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No unacceptable risks to operators or other workers identified | ||||||||||
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Health issues |
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May cause dyspnea, anorexia, nausea and vomiting US EPA - possible human carcinogen; CLP data - suspected carcingen |
Handling issues |
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Prevent generation of mists Not explosive or oxidising Not explected to auto-ignite, Not highly flammable IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1 |
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Health: H315, H317, H319, H351 Environmernt: H400, H410 |
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U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard) | |||
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UN3077 | |||
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ethalfluralin | ||
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ethalfluraline | ||
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Ethalfluralin | ||
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ethalfluralin | ||
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etafluralin | ||
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etafluralina | ||
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etalfluralina | ||
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etalfluralin | ||
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Record last updated: | 23/08/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |