Fenitrothion (Ref: OMS 43) |
Last updated: 28/10/2024 |
(Also known as: MEP; OMS 223; ENT 25715) |
SUMMARY |
Fenitrothion is an insecticide for the control of sucking and chewing pests. It has a low aqueous solubility, is highly soluble in many organic solvents and is volatile. Fenitrothion has a low potential for leaching to groundwater and is not expected to be persistent in soil or water systems. It is moderately toxic to mammals, considered to be an endocrine disrupter and a cholinesterase inhibitor. It is highly toxic to birds, aquatic invertebrates and honeybees, and moderately toxic to fish, algae and earthworms. |
Data alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate | Ecotoxicity | Human health |
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An insecticide used to control chewing, sucking and boring pests on a range of crops. | |
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Leafminers, Locusts, Stem borers, Wheat bugs, Flour beetles, Grain beetles, Grain weevils | |
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Cereals; Cotton; Rice; Top fruit; Vegetables; Forestry; Ornamentals | |
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- | |
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Current | |
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1960, first reported |
UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Expired | ||
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Expired. Withdrawn 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Additional information |
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Australia |
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Chemical structure |
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None | |
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C₉H₁₂NO₅PS | |
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CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)OP(=S)(OC)OC)[N+](=O)[O-] | |
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- | |
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ZNOLGFHPUIJIMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C9H12NO5PS/c1-7-6-8(4-5-9(7)10(11)12)15-16(17,13-2)14-3/h4-6H,1-3H3 | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Insecticide, Other substance | |
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Biocide, Wood preservative | |
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Organophosphate insecticide; Organothiophosphate insecticide; Phenyl organothiophosphate insecticide | |
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930 g kg⁻¹ | |
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EU dossier - S-methyl fenitrothion <5g/Kg | |
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Synthetic | |
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Non-systemic with contact and stomach action. Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitor. | |
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122-14-5 | |
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204-524-2 | |
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35 | |
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105901 | |
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31200 | |
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015-054-00-0 | |
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277.23 | |
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O,O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate | |
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O,O-dimethyl O-4-nitro-m-tolyl phosphorothioate | |
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O,O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate | |
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Chemical subject to PIC regulations. USA: withdrawn 2020; Canada: voluntarily discontinued 2004; New Zealand: withdrawn 2016; India: restricted use only 2007 | |
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UK Statutory standard for the protection of aquatic life in inland waters, coastal and territorial waters: 0.01 µg l⁻¹ as annual average | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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1B | |
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Not applicable | |
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Many recorded cases, mosquitoes, Adoxophyes orana, Boophilus microplus, Lucilia cuprina, Myzus persicae, Spodoptera littoralis | |
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Yellow to brown coloured viscous liquid |
Formulations |
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Supplied in a variety of formulations including emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, granules and dusts as well as ULV |
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19 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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25000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) n-Hexane5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
500000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Methanol5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
500000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Acetone5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
500000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Ethyl acetate5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
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1 | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | ||||||||
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Decomposes before boiling | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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210 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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157 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | ||||||||
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2.09 X 1003 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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3.32 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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- | - | - | |||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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1.328 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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Not applicable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
No dissociation | |||||||||||
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0.676 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low volatility. If applied directly to plants, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable | ||||||||
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9.86 X 10-03 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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- | - | - | |||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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Neutral solution: 290nm = 4210 Acidic solution: 290nm = 4390 Basic solution: 290nm = 2370 |
A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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68.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- |
Degradation |
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- | ||||||||||
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2.7 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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2.7 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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4.48 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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EU dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 0.04-1.98 days, DT₉₀ range 2.16-6.58 days | ||||||||||
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8.0 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 0.5-4.2 days, 7 field & undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=8 | ||||||||||
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5.3 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.5-10.6 days, 15 field & undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=23; lettuce in cold storage RL₅₀=27 days. | ||||||||||
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3.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately fast | |||||||
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183 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Persistent | |||||||
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Slightly sensitive to pH: DT₅₀ 195 days at pH5, 100 days at pH 9 | ||||||||||
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1.57 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Fast | ||||||||
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1.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately fast | ||||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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[Wheat grain: 14 wks @ 30 DegC, 50% RH; Modelled data], [Malt: 413 days @ 20-22 DegC, dark conditions; Field study] |
Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | DW2 DW = Don Wauchope personal database for Pka data: Wauchope, R. D. and Edwards, J. Dissociation constants for pesticide active ingredients: a database and comparison with predicted values. Dataset is no longer available. 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Slightly mobile | |||||||
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2000 | ||||||||||
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- | ||||||||||
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180 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Slightly mobile | |||||||
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791 | ||||||||||
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0.982 | ||||||||||
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EU dossier Kf range 4.9-830 mL g⁻¹, Kfoc range 252-1966 mL g⁻¹, 1/n range 0.86-1.10, Soils=5 | ||||||||||
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Some indication that adsorption may increase with decreasing pH |
Fate indices |
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0.48 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1.25 X 10-03 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Low | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Slightly mobile | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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29 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) (Other literature values Log BCF ranger 0.8-2.9 (R3))5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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0.19 | - |
Known soil metabolites |
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Major fraction | 0.445 | - | |||||
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- | - | Aerobic | |||||
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- | - | Aerobic | |||||
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- | - | - | |||||
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- | - | Aerobic | |||||
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- | - | Aerobic |
Known groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
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desmethylfenitrothion | - | Water | - | ||||
O,O-dimethyl O-(3-carboxy-4-nitrophenyl)phosphate | COOH-SMO | Water (Photolysis) | - | ||||
fenitrooxon | - | Water | - | ||||
acetylaminofenitrothion | - | Water | - | ||||
o-methyl o-hydrogen o-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)phosphate | DM-SMO | Water (Photolysis) | - | ||||
o-methyl s-methyl o-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)phosphorothioate | SCH3-SMT | Water (Photolysis) | - | ||||
o,o-dimethyl o-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)phosphorothioate | SMO | Water (Photolysis) | - | ||||
carboxyfenitrothion | - | Water (Photolysis) | - |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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330 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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- | L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat 2 yr2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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> 10 | - | |||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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2.3 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Phasianidae5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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23 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹ | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Unknown species4 = Verified data |
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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231 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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25 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect |
A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Dose: 10 mg kg⁻¹ soil |
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0.16 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | |||||||
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0.20 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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0.756 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Bombus terricola 48 hr3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | |||||||
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0.1 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Andrena erythronii4 = Verified data |
High | |||||||
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Contact | ||||||||||
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0.039 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Megachile rotundata4 = Verified data |
High | |||||||
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Contact | ||||||||||
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10.8 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Aphidius rhopalosiphi Adult corr4 = Verified data |
- | ||||||||
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5.6 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Typhlodromus pyri Protonymph corr4 = Verified data |
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- | - | - |
Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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1.3 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.088 | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss 96 day3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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9.3 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Danio rerio EC₅₀ Embryo3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.0086 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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0.000087 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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0.012 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Chironomus salinarius,/i> 24 hr4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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0.0017 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Chironomus riparius5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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1.3 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Raphidocelis subcapitata5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.1 | Q1 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Unknown species1 = Estimated data with little or no verification |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.017 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Aquatic invertebrates5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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330 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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890 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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2.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.005 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat SF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.013 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat SF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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3.9-20.9 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) concentration dependent5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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List I; List II | - | - | ||||||||
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Possible risk when applied inside glasshouses Re-entry after application should be avoided |
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Health issues |
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Risk of serious eye damage Bioaccumulates Endocrine issues - Competitive binding to androgen receptor, inhibition of estrogens action |
Handling issues |
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Potentially explosive under certain conditions Prevent generation of mists IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1 |
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Health: H302 Environment: H400, H410 |
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II (Moderately hazardous) | |||
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UN2810 | |||
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Packaging Group III (minor danger) | |||
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Chemically stable under standard ambient conditions |
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fenitrothion | ||
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fenitrothion | ||
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Fenitrothion | ||
|
fenitrothion | ||
|
fenitrotion | ||
|
fenitrotion | ||
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fenitrothion | ||
|
fenitrotion | ||
|
fenitrotion | ||
|
fenitrothion | ||
|
fenitrothion | ||
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- |
Record last updated: | 28/10/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |