Carfentrazone

Carfentrazone	Last updated: 24/07/2024
(Also known as: F8426-chloropropionic acid; F8426 CPA)

SUMMARY

Carfentrazone is a herbicide, normally applied as the ethyl variant, used to control a wide range of broad-leaved weeds. It is not expected to be persistent in the environment. Little data is available for the acid regarding its ecotoxicology or impacts on environmental health.

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Low alert: Non-persistent Warning: Significant data are missing	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Low alert Warning: Significant data are missing

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A post-emergent herbicide, normally applied as the ethyl variant, used to control a wide range of broad-leaved weeds.

Example pests controlled

Broad-leaved weeds including Galium aparine, Abutilon theophrasti, Ipomoea ederacea, Chenopodium album and several mustard species, Sedges, Silvery-thread moss

Example applications

Potatoes; Cereals including barley, oats, tritical, wheat and durum wheat; Sports turf & golf-coures

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1997, introduced

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

31/07/2033

UK LERAP status

None

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Belgium/France

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

31/07/2033

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
✓	✓			✓	✓		✓	✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
✓	✓	✓		✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓		✓		✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Australia, USA

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Carfentrazone is a chiral molecule. The technical material is an isomeric mixture.

Chemical formula

C₁₃H₁₀Cl₂F₃N₃O₃

Canonical SMILES

CC1=NN(C(=O)N1C(F)F)C2=C(C=C(C(=C2)CC(C(=O)O)Cl)Cl)F

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

YHKBGVDUSSWOAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C13H10Cl2F3N3O3/c1-5-19-21(13(24)20(5)12(17)18)10-3-6(2-8(15)11(22)23)7(14)4-9(10)16/h3-4,8,12H,2H2,1H3,(H,22,23)

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Herbicide, Metabolite

Metabolite Type

Soil, Rat, Surface water

Substance groups

Triazolone herbicide

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Contact, absorbed by foliage with limited translocation. Inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) - cell membrane disruption

CAS RN

128621-72-7

EC number

603-289-7

CIPAC number

587

US EPA chemical code

628712

PubChem CID

443229

CLP index number

607-309-00-5

Molecular mass

384.13

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

rac-(2R)-2-chloro-3-(2-chloro-5-(4-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-4-fluorophenyl)propanoic acid

IUPAC name

(RS)-2-chloro-3-(2-chloro-5-(4-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-4-fluorophenyl)propionic acid

CAS name

α,2-dichloro-5-(4-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-4-fluorobenzenepropanoic acid

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Related substances & organisms

carfentrazone-ethyl

Can be a metabolite of:

Parent

Formation medium

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

1107/2009 relevancy

carfentrazone-ethyl

Soil

0.921

Major fraction

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

AgriGuard
Belchim
DuPont

Example products using this active

Ally Express
Lexus Class
Carfen

Formulation and application details

Usually supplied as wettable granules or emulsions that are mixed with water and applied as a spray.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

29.3

as ethyl variant

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Melting point (°C)

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

5.01 X 10⁰³

Calculated

Log P

3.7

as ethyl variant

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

7.20 X 10^-03

as ethyl variant

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

12.4

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

8.2

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

43.0

Moderately persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

31.7

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 3.5-59.3 days (normalised), DT₉₀ range 21.5-236.1 days; field studies DT₅₀ range 3-14.3 days, DT₉₀ range 9.8-51.6 days

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

14.2

Note

Tall fescue grass, n=1

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

Cannot be calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Potential for loss via drain flow

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

26.3

Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 1.5E+06 OH/cm³, 12 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

CT₅₀ (days)

Known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat as ethyl variant

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2250

Colinus virginianus as ethyl variant

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 410

Eisenia foetida as ethyl variant

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

17.72

Eisenia foetida as ethyl variant

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 200

Apis mellifera as ethyl variant

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 200

Apis mellifera as ethyl variant

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 99.2

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 101

Daphnia magna

Low

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

0.27

Lemna minor

Moderate

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.787

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat as ethyl variant

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

4000

Rat as ethyl variant

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.03

as ethyl variant

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.4

as ethyl variant

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

No data found

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

No information available

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
IMDG Transport Hazard Class 9

CLP classification 2013

Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

Not listed (Not listed)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group III (minor danger)

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

carfentrazone

French

carfentrazone

German

Carfentrazone

Danish

carfentrazone

Italian

carfentazone

Spanish

carfentrazona

Greek

carfentrazone

Polish

karfentrazon

Swedish

karfentrazon

Hungarian

karfentrazon

Dutch

carfentrazone

Norwegian

Record last updated:	24/07/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242