Chlormequat |
Last updated: 18/07/2024 |
(Not known by any other names) |
SUMMARY |
Chlormequat, usually used as the chloride derivative, is a plant growth retardant inhibiting cell elongation. It has a high aqueous solubility and does not tend to be persistent in the environment. It is moderately with some risk of it leaching to groundwater. It has a low to moderate toxicity to most species including mammals, birds, fish and honeybees. It is considered to be a reproduction/development toxin but no other serious health issues have been identified. |
Data alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate | Ecotoxicity | Human health |
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A plant growth retardant, usually used as the chloride derivative, used on cereals to increase resistance to lodging | |
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Lodging; Cell elongation | |
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Cereals including wheat, triticale, barley, rye; Ornamentals including geraniums, pelargoniums, poinsetta; vegetables including tomatoes, cabbage, cauliflower, radish | |
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Current | |
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1966, Germany |
UK regulatory status |
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Approved | ||
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30/11/2029 | ||
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None |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Austria/Italy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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28/02/2027 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Additional information |
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Australia, USA |
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Chemical structure |
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None | |
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C₅H₁₃ClN | |
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C[N+](C)(C)CCCl | |
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JUZXDNPBRPUIOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C5H13ClN/c1-7(2,3)5-4-6/h4-5H2,1-3H3/q+1 | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Plant Growth Regulator | |
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Quarternary ammonium compound | |
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- | |
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- | |
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Synthetic | |
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Inhibits cell elongation | |
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7003-89-6 | |
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No data found | |
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143 | |
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Not listed | |
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13836 | |
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007-003-00-6 | |
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122.62 | |
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2-chloro-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium | |
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(2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium | |
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2-chloro-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium | |
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Potential groundwater contaminant | |
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- | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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- | |
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Formulations |
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Usually supplied as a soluble concentrate that is mixed with water and applied as a spray |
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886000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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Decomposes before boiling | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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3.39 X 10-04 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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-3.47 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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Insoluble | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data |
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Regulatory data | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data |
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Not applicable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Complete dissociation | |||||||||||
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Degradation |
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27.4 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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23.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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102.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Persistent | ||||||||
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EU dossier lab studies for the chloride derivative DT₅₀ range 17.0-31.6 days, DT₉₀ range 88.9-112.5 days; Confirmatory data DT₅₀ 11.0-44.7 days, soils=7. Other sources: DT₅₀ 14 days (DW3) | ||||||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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2.04 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately mobile | |||||||
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132 | ||||||||||
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0.74 | ||||||||||
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EU dossier for chloride derivative kf range 0.63-4.57 mL g⁻¹, Kfoc range 54.6-291.1 mL g⁻¹, 1/n range 0.51-0.99, Soils=8 | ||||||||||
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No |
Fate indices |
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2.57 | Calculated | Transition state | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1.39 X 10-01 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Low | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Moderately mobile | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Known soil and groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
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choline chloride | - | Rat (Urine) | 0.03 |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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115 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rabbit as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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50 | L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat as chloride 2 yr2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
High | |||||||
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74 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat Reproductive NOAEL as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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441 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Coturnix japonica as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 310 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹ | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Coturnix japonica as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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54.8 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Coturnix japonica as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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320 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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681 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 65.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | |||||||
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> 80.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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> 100 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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43.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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31.7 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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2.4 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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5.3 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Lemna gibba as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 100 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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115 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rabbit as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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964 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rabbit as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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> 5.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat 4 hr (aerosol) as chloride5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.04 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Dog SF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.09 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Dog SF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Not applicable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.04 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rabbit SF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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4.0 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Acceptable risk for bystanders | |||||||||
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Acceptable risk for workers Operators should wear PPC/PPE to protect against potential exposure |
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Health issues |
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Highly toxic |
Handling issues |
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Prevent generation of dust May emit irritating, toxic fumes in a fire Not explosive or oxidising IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1 Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable |
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Health: H302, H312 | |||
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II (Moderately hazardous) | |||
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UN2811 | |||
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Packaging Group III (minor danger) | |||
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chlormequat | ||
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chlormequat | ||
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Chlormequat | ||
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chlormequat | ||
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clormequat | ||
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clormecuat | ||
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chlormequat | ||
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chloromekwatu | ||
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- | ||
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chlormequat | ||
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chloormequat | ||
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- |
Record last updated: | 18/07/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |