Bromoxynil-potassium |
Last updated: 30/08/2024 |
(Not known by any other names) |
SUMMARY |
Data alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
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An HBN herbicide used for post-emergence control of annual broad-leaved weeds | |
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Ragweed; Smartweed; Nightshade; Kochia; Wild mustard | |
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Alfalfa; Garlic; Corn; Sorghum; Cereals including wheat, barley; Turf; Non-cropped areas including rights-of-way, pathways | |
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Efficacy proven from prolonged use in the EU and from experimental studies | |
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Current | |
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circa 1980, introduced |
UK regulatory status |
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Phasing out | ||
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Expired | ||
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Check label - may vary with formulation |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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France/Germany | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Expired | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes (as bromoxynil) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Additional information |
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Australia, Latin America, USA |
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Chemical structure |
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None | |
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C₇H₂Br₂KNO | |
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C1=C(C=C(C(=C1Br)[O-])Br)C#N.[K+] | |
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HKSBGIRAPYUOPP-UHFFFAOYSA-M | |
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InChI=1S/C7H3Br2NO.K/c8-5-1-4(3-10)2-6(9)7(5)11;/h1-2,11H;/q;+1/p-1 | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Herbicide | |
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Hydroxybenzonitrile herbicide; Nitrile herbicide | |
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Synthetic | |
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Select contact action with some systemic activity. Inhibits photosynthesis (photosystem II). | |
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2961-68-4 | |
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220-998-3 | |
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87 | |
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23691011 | |
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608-006-00-0 | |
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315.0 | |
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potassium 2,6-dibromo-4-cyanophenolate | |
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potassium 2,6-dibromo-4-cyanophenolate | |
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3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile potassium salt | |
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Potential marine pollutant | |
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C3 | |
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6 | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Formulations |
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Spray application |
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Degradation |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Fate indices |
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Known soil metabolites |
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Known groundwater metabolites |
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Relevant | 0.003 | 18 |
Other known metabolites |
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3-Bromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile | - | Surface water; Sediment | - | ||||
4-Hydroxybenzonitrile | - | Surface water; Sediment | - | ||||
2,6-dibromohydroquinone glucoside | - | Plant | - | ||||
2-Bromo-4-cyanophenyl octanoate | - | Surface water; Sediment | - | ||||
3,4-Dihydroxybenzonitrile | - | Surface water; Sediment | - | ||||
3,5-di-bromo-4-hydroxybenzamide | - | Plant; Surface water; Sediment | - | ||||
3,5-di-bromo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid | - | Mammal; Plant | - | ||||
3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl D-glucopyranoside | - | - | - | ||||
3-Bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzonitrile | - | Surface water; Sediment | - |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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116 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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420 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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2.3 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida EC10 corr4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Nitrogen mineralisation: Low, transient effect | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Dose: 2.57 mg kg⁻¹ 28 Day |
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125 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Folsomia candida5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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199 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera unknown test duration4 = Verified data |
Low | |||||||
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76.4 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera unknown test duration4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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14.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera as bromoxynil5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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30 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Aphidius rhopalosiphi as octanate4 = Verified data |
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9.47 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Typhlodromus pyri as octanate4 = Verified data |
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> 655 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Poecilus cupreus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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> 5.2 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rasbora heteromorpha4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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116 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.003 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) as bromoxynil5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.013 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) as bromoxynil5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.003 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) as bromoxynil5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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GB MRL expected to deviate from the EU MRL in mid-2023 | ||||||||||
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Health issues |
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Possible liver toxicant Mixed evidence for carcinogenicity in published studies; evidence weak |
Handling issues |
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IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1 Not explosive or oxidising Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable |
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Health: H301, H317, H319, H332, H360d Environment: H400, H410 |
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II (Moderately hazardous) | |||
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UN2558 | |||
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Packaging Group III (minor danger) | |||
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bromoxynil-potassium | ||
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Record last updated: | 30/08/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |