| Heptachlor (Ref: ENT 15152) |
![]() Last updated: 23/10/2025 |
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(Also known as: heptachlore; E3314; H-34; OMS 193) |
| SUMMARY |
| Heptachlor in an insecticide. It has a low aqueous solubility but is highly soluble in most organic solvents. It is volatile and has low potential for leaching to groundwater. heptachlor can be persistent in soil systems but is not generally persistent in water systems. It is moderately toxic to mammals and may bioaccumulate. heptachlor may also cause adverse reproduction/development effects and is a neurotoxin. It is moderately toxic to birds but highly toxic to honeybees and most aquatic species. |
| Hazard alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement. These hazard alerts do not take account of usage patterns or exposure, thus do not represent risk.
| Environmental fate | Ecotoxicity | Human health | Highly Hazardous Pesticide |
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An obsolete insecticide once used to kill termites, ants and other insects in agricultural and domestic situations | |
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Ants; Termites; Cutworms; Maggots; Spittlebugs; Weevils; Wireworms; Japanese beetles; Mosquitoes | |
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Corn; Sorghum; Small grains | |
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- |
| GB regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Expired | ||
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No UK approval for use as a plant protection agent |
| EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Expired | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Additional information |
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Costa Rica |
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| Chemical structure |
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Heptachlor exhibits structural isomerism, particularly through the formation of heptachlor epoxide, which exists in endo- and exo-isomeric forms. These epoxide isomers are oxidation products of heptachlor and differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms around the epoxide ring. The exo-isomer, often referred to as Isomer B, is notably more stable and is the predominant form found in environmental samples due to its persistence and resistance to degradation. | |
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C₁₀H₅Cl₇ | |
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C1=CC(C2C1C3(C(=C(C2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl | |
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- | |
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FRCCEHPWNOQAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C10H5Cl7/c11-4-2-1-3-5(4)9(15)7(13)6(12)8(3,14)10(9,16)17/h1-5H | |
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Yes |
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| Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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| heptachlor epoxide | Metabolite | ![]() |
| heptachlor | - | ![]() |
| General status |
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Insecticide | ||||||||||||||
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Organochloride insecticide; Cyclodiene insecticide | ||||||||||||||
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Synthetic | ||||||||||||||
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Persistent, non-systemic contact and stomach poison with some fumigant action. Is a chloride channel-blocking agent. | ||||||||||||||
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76-44-8 | ||||||||||||||
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200-962-3 | ||||||||||||||
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36 | ||||||||||||||
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044801 | ||||||||||||||
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3589 | ||||||||||||||
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602-046-00-2 | ||||||||||||||
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373.32 | ||||||||||||||
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- | ||||||||||||||
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1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindene | ||||||||||||||
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1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indene | ||||||||||||||
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- | ||||||||||||||
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- | ||||||||||||||
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Yes [ C5 Criterion 5: Pesticide active ingredients listed by the Stockholm Convention in its Annexes A and B, and those meeting all the criteria in paragraph 1 of Annex D of the Convention (those identified as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in annexes A or B of the Stockholm Convention) ; C6 Criterion 6: Pesticide active ingredients listed by the Rotterdam Convention in its Annex III (those subject to PIC (Prior Informed Consent) regulations under the Convention) ] |
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Yes [ R02 Rule 2: Pesticide active ingredients that meet the criteria of carcinogenicity Categories 1A and 1B of the Globally Harmonized System on Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) (those with a CLP classification of H350) ; R05 Rule 5: Pesticide active ingredients that are confirmed endocrine disruptors according to the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of an endocrine disruptor ; R06 Rule 6: Pesticide active ingredients listed by the Stockholm Convention in its Annexes A and B, and those meeting all the criteria in paragraph 1 of Annex D of the Convention (those identified as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in annexes A or B of the Stockholm Convention) ; R07 Rule 7: Pesticide active ingredients listed by the Rotterdam Convention in its Annex III (those subject to PIC (Prior Informed Consent) regulations under the Convention) ; R09 Rule 9: Pesticide active ingredients that have demonstrated a high aquatic toxicity (where acute ecotoxicity for fish, invertebrates or algae =< 0.1 mg l⁻¹) ; R10 Rule 10: Pesticide active ingredients that have demonstrated a high toxicity to bees (where contact or oral bee toxicity =< 2 μg bee⁻¹) ; R11 Rule 11: Pesticide active ingredients that are environmentally persistent (where sediment phase only DT₅₀ => 90 days or water phase only DT₅₀ => 90 days or DT₅₀ (field) => 60 days (note lab values are used when field values are not available)) ; R12 Rule 12: Pesticide active ingredients that are bioaccumulative (where bio-concentration factor (BCF) > 2000 l kg⁻¹ (if BCF is not available, where Log P >=5)) ] |
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LRTAP Annex 1; Severe marine pollutant | ||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||
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2A | ||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||
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Anthonomus grandis, Delia brassicae, Diabrotica longicornis, Psilia rosae, Conoderus falli, Diabrotica virgifera, many others | ||||||||||||||
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White to tan coloured crystals | ||||||||||||||
| Commercial |
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Considered obsolete but may be available in some countries; Banned in many countries | |||
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1951, first reported | |||
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Available in a wide variety of formulations including wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, dusts and oil solutions | |||
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Heptachlor is synthesised through a multi-step process that begins with a Diels–Alder reaction between hexachlorocyclopentadiene and cyclopentadiene, forming a cyclodiene intermediate known as chlordene. This adduct is then subjected to chlorination, typically using chlorine gas, to further saturate the molecule with chlorine atoms. The final transformation involves treatment with hydrogen chloride in nitromethane or iodine monochloride, often in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst like aluminium trichloride, which rearranges and stabilises the structure into the active insecticidal form of heptachlor. | |||
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0.056 | G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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750000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Acetone3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | ||||||||
| 1060000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Benzene3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | |||||||||
| 1020000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Xylene3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | |||||||||
| 45000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Ethanol3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | |||||||||
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95 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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135 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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2.75 X 1005 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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5.44 | G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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Soluble | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||
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Regulatory data - observed in metabolism and farm animal feeding studies | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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1.58 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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53 | G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Highly volatile. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable | ||||||||
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3.53 X 1002 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Volatile | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
| Degradation |
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- | ||||||||||
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285 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Persistent | |||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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250 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Persistent | ||||||||
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Other sources: DT₅₀ around 2 yrs (R3), 9-10 months (R3) | ||||||||||
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4.8 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.0-13.5 days, 4 field crops, various matrices, n=5 | ||||||||||
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1 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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| Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-mobile | |||||||
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24000 | ||||||||||
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Other sources: 21878 mL g⁻¹ (R3) | ||||||||||
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| Fate indices |
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-0.91 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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5.35 X 10-03 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Estimated concentrations of chemicals with Koc values greater than 9995 ml g⁻¹ are beyond the scope of the regression data used in SCI-GROW development. If there are concerns for such chemicals, a higher tier groundwater exposure assessment should be considered, regardless of the concentration returned by SCI-GROW | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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High | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Non-mobile | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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2430 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Whole body3 = Unverified data of known source |
Threshold for concern | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not available | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Known soil metabolites |
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Relevancy unknown | - | - |
| Known groundwater metabolites |
None
| Other known metabolites |
None
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| Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 147 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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- | L1 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat1 = Estimated data with little or no verification |
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5 | - | |||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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> 2000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Anas platyrhynchos3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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> 0.526 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
High | |||||||
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- | ||||||||||
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| - | |||||||||||
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- | - | - | |||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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0.0168 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Trigona spinipes4 = Verified data |
High | |||||||
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Contact | ||||||||||
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- | ||||||||||
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| Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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0.007 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Oncorhynchus mykiss3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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> 1.49 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Danio rerio Larva3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.042 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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0.027 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Raphidocelis subcapitata4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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| General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 147 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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195 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | ||||||||
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2.0 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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List I; List II | - | - | ||||||||
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Risk of exposure via food is now considered negligible | |||||||||
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May be absorbed through intact skin | ||||||||||
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UK statutory standard for protection of drinking water: 0.030 µg l⁻¹; EU Directive 2008/105/EC standard for protection of drinking water: 0.030 µg l⁻¹ | B5 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) UK EA QS database 20185 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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0.03 | B5 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) UK EA QS database 20185 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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| Health issues |
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Bioaccumulates Liver toxicant Endocrine issues - Binding to cellular estrogen and androgen receptors CLP data - suspected carcingen; US EPA - probable carcinogen |
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| Handling issues |
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Incompatible with alkaline substances | |||
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Health: H301, H311, H351, H373 Environment: H400, H410 |
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II (Moderately hazardous) | |||
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heptachlor | ||
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heptachlore | ||
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Heptachlor | ||
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heptachlor | ||
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eptaclor | ||
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heptaclor | ||
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heptachlor | ||
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heptachlor | ||
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heptachloor | ||
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| Record last updated: | 23/10/2025 |
| Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
| Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |









