Tralkoxydim (Ref: PP 604)

Tralkoxydim (Ref: PP 604)	Last updated: 29/08/2024
(Also known as: tralkoxydime; tralcoxidime)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Drainflow: Moderately mobile	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Birds chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Moderate alert: Mammals acute toxicity: Moderate; Mammals chronic toxicity: Moderate; Possible Carcinogen; Reproduction/development effects Warning: Significant data are missing

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A foliar applied oxime herbicide for grass weed control in cereals

Example pests controlled

Wild oats; Ryegrass; Canary grass (suppression); Paradoxa grass (suppression); Annual phalaris (suppression)

Example applications

Cereals including wheat, rye, triticale, barley

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1986, registered UK; 1999, registered USA

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

GB LERAP status

No UK approval for use as a pesticide

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Spain/Portugal

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Australia

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Talkoxydim is a chiral molecule which exists in two isomeric forms: (E-) and (Z-).

Chemical formula

C₂₀H₂₇NO₃

Canonical SMILES

CCC(=C1C(=O)CC(CC1=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2C)C)C)NOCC

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

DQFPEYARZIQXRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C20H27NO3/c1-6-16(21-24-7-2)20-17(22)10-15(11-18(20)23)19-13(4)8-12(3)9-14(19)5/h8-9,15,22H,6-7,10-11H2,1-5H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Herbicide

Substance groups

Cyclohexene oxime herbicide

Minimum active substance purity

780-900 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - None declared

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Selective, systemic, absorbed by leaves and translocated to growing points. Acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitor (ACCase) - distrupts fatty acid biosynthesis and lipid formation.

CAS RN

87820-88-0

EC number

618-075-9

CIPAC number

544

US EPA chemical code

121000

PubChem CID

91746

CLP index number

606-146-00-7

Molecular mass

329.43

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

(5E)-2-[(1E)-N-ethoxypropanimidoyl]-3-hydroxy-5-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one

IUPAC name

(RS)-2-[(EZ)-1-(ethoxyimino)propyl]-3-hydroxy-5-mesitylcyclohex-2-en-1-one

CAS name

2-(1-(ethoxyimino)propyl)-3-hydroxy-5-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Avena fatua, Avena sterilis ludoviciana, Setaria viridis

Physical state

White solid

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Ellagret SA
Greencrop
Makhteshim-Agan
Nufarm
Standon
Teliton

Example products using this active

Alpha Tralkoxydim 250SC
Fleck 25 SC
Grasp
Strimma
Splendor

Formulation and application details

Often supplied as a soluble concentrate or water soluble granules that are mixed with water and used as a spray

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

6.1

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

89000

Acetone

25000

Methanol

213000

Toluene

110000

Ethyl acetate

Melting point (°C)

110

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

129

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

1.26 X 10⁰²

Calculated

Log P

2.1

Low

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.16

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

4.3

Weak acid

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

3.70 X 10^-04

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

2.00 X 10^-05

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Neutral solution: 220nm = 16454, 258nm = 11500, 285nm = 10347, 310nm = 2569
Acidic solution: 220nm = 16518, 258nm = 13577, 310nm = 3156
Basic solution: 220nm = 15577, 283nm = 23583, 310nm = 886

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

53.0

at 20°C 90% soln

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

1.9

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

2.6

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

1.9

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

25.7

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 1.2-10.8 days (normalised), DT₉₀ range 3.7-103 days; Other sources: DT₅₀ (1) 1.9 days (B5), (2) 10-20 days (US3), (3) 3 days (R3)

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

4.9

Note

Wheat leaves, n=1

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

5.8

Moderately fast

Note

Data for natural summer sunlight, Florida USA, 25-35 deg N

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

140

Persistent

Note

pH sensitive: DT₅₀ 9 days at pH 5, stable at pH 9, all at 25 °C

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

110.7

Slow

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

68.4

Stable

Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

1.3

Moderately mobile

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

120

Notes and range

EU dossier K_d range 0.15-2.2 mL g⁻¹, K_oc range 35-314 mL g⁻¹, Soils=6

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

1.07

Moderately mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

102

¹/_n

0.99

Notes and range

EU dossier kf range 0.16-2.2 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 30-290 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.98-1.1, Soils=6

pH sensitivity

Adsorption inversely related to soil pH

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

0.56

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

1.23 X 10^-03

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Moderately mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

1.656

Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 1.5E+06 OH/cm³, 12 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

Whole fish

Low potential

CT₅₀ (days)

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)pentanedioic acid (Ref: R173642)

Major fraction

0.172

4-(2-(1-ethoxyimino)propyl)-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-1-one-5-yl)-3-5-dimethyl benzoic acid (Ref: R223068)

Major fraction

0.125

2-ethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4-oxo-6-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)benzoxazole (Ref: R163434)

Minor fraction

0.075

Known groundwater metabolites

Metabolite

EC SANCO/221/2000 relevancy

ADI (mg kg⁻¹ bodyweight day⁻¹)

WHO drinking water guidance value (μg L⁻¹ day⁻¹)

3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)pentanedioic acid (Ref: R173642)

Relevant

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

3-hydroxy-2-propionyl-5-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)cyclohex-2-enone (Ref: R159368)

Water (Photolysis)

3-hydroxy-2-(1-iminopropyl)-5-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)cyclohex-2-enone (Ref: R158378)

Water (Photolysis); Water/sediment

2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-ethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzoxazol-4-one)benzyl alcohol (Ref: R237434)

Plant

3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-[1-(ethoxyimino)propyl]-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-enone-S-yl)benzyl alcohol (Ref: R209490)

Plant

3-hydroxy-2-(imino-1-propyl)-5-dimethyl-4-hydroxymethylphenyl)cyclohex-2-enone (Ref: R400307)

Plant

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

934

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

> 4.4

Rat

High

(ppm diet)

> 50

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Rat Reproductive NOAEL

Moderate

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

2024

Alectoris rufa

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

1018 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹

Colinus virginianus

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

14.3

Colinus virginianus

Moderate

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 1000

Eisenia foetida

Low

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 2.5 mg kg⁻¹

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Zea mays
Vegetative vigour (shoot length), ER₅₀
as g ha⁻¹

180

Lolium perenne
Seedling emergence (dry shoot weight), ER₅₀
as g ha⁻¹

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 117

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Notes

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 450

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 450

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 6.1

Lepomis macrochirus

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

4.6

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

15.20

Danio rerio EC₅₀ Embryo

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 175.0

Daphnia magna

Low

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

2.1

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

1.0

Lemna gibba

Moderate

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

> 5.1

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

> 5.1

Unknown species

Low

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

934

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 3.5

Rat 4 hr (nose only)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.005

Dog SF=100

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.01

Rat SF=100

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.005

Dog SF=100

Dermal penetration studies (%)

0.1-1.5

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Acceptable for proposed uses

Occupational

Acceptable for proposed uses

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

EU expected to amend MRL in early 2023

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Liver and adrenals toxicant
Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin
Health effects may be delayed
US EPA - likely to be human carcinogen; CLP data - suspected carcinogen

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

IMDG Transport Hazard Class 9
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Health: H302, H351
Environment: H411

WHO Classification

II (Moderately hazardous)

UN Number

UN3077

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group III (minor danger)

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

tralkoxydim

French

tralkoxydime

German

Tralkoxydim

Danish

tralkoxydim

Italian

tralcoxydim

Spanish

tralkoxidim

Greek

Polish

tralkoksydim

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	29/08/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242