1,2-dichloropropane (Ref: ENT 15406 ) |
Last updated: 28/08/2024 |
(Also known as: propylene dichloride; 1,2-DCP; dichloro-1,2-propane; dichloropropane; PDC) |
SUMMARY |
Dichlorpropane is a multi-use substance with insecticidal and fungicidal activity. It is considered obsolete but may still be used in some countries. It is a volatile organic compound (VOC) which is highly soluble in water. It can be very persistent in soil systems depending on environmental conditions and it also has potential to leach to groundwater. 1,2-dichloropropane tends to have a moderate to low toxicity to biodiversity but there are considerable gaps in data. It is moderately toxic to mammals via the oral route and there are concerns regarding its potential to cause reproduction/developmental effects in humans. It is also a recognised irritant. |
Data alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate | Ecotoxicity | Human health |
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Chemical with a range of agricultural applications including uses a soil fumigant to control nematodes and as an insecticide for stored grain. | |
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Nematodes; Flour beetles; Grain beetles | |
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Agricultural crops; Stored grain | |
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- | |
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Considered obsolete but may be available in some countries | |
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1925, first reported |
UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Not applicable | ||
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Additional information |
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Chemical structure |
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Dichloropropane has four isomers (1,1-, 1,2, 1,3- and 1,4-1,2-dichloropropane). 1,2-dichloropropane tends to be the main one used in the agricultrual context and is itself chiral.existing in two enantiomeric forms (S- and R-) | |
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C₃H₆Cl₂ | |
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CC(CCl)Cl | |
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No data | |
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KNKRKFALVUDBJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C3H6Cl2/c1-3(5)2-4/h3H,2H2,1H3 | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Insecticide, Nematicide, Other substance | |
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Solvent, Chemical intermediate | |
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Organochloride insecticide; Fumigant insecticide; Fumigant nematicide | |
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- | |
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- | |
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Synthetic | |
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Unknown | |
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78-87-5 | |
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201-152-2 | |
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674 | |
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029002 | |
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6564 | |
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602-020-00-0 | |
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112.99 | |
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rac-(2R)-1,2-dichloropropane | |
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1,2-dichloropropane | |
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1,2-dichloropropane | |
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VOC | |
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- | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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2A | |
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Not applicable | |
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- | |
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Colourless liquid |
Formulations |
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2700 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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Miscible | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Acetone3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Miscible | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Methanol3 = Unverified data of known source |
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-70.0 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Freezing point3 = Unverified data of known source |
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95.0 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1.05 X 1002 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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2.02 | AC3 AC = EC Joint Research Centre ESIS European Chemical Substance Information Systems including EINECS, now integrated with the database provided by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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Likely to be soluble | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Based on chemical group | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1.18 | AC3 AC = EC Joint Research Centre ESIS European Chemical Substance Information Systems including EINECS, now integrated with the database provided by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1.94 X 1006 | AC3 AC = EC Joint Research Centre ESIS European Chemical Substance Information Systems including EINECS, now integrated with the database provided by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Highly volatile. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable | ||||||||
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285.74 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Volatile | ||||||||
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Degradation |
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700 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Very persistent | |||||||
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140 | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Persistent | ||||||||
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General literature states chemical is persistent with DT₅₀ longer than 7 wks. Other sources: 700 days (US3) | ||||||||||
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18.5 | AC3 AC = EC Joint Research Centre ESIS European Chemical Substance Information Systems including EINECS, now integrated with the database provided by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Slow | |||||||
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Stable | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Stable | |||||||
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Resistant to hydrolysis DT₅₀ 175-1400 days. | ||||||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Mobile | |||||||
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50 | ||||||||||
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Other data sources Koc range 46-51 mL g⁻¹ (USDA) | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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4.94 | Calculated | High leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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4.42 X 1000 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Medium | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Mobile | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Known metabolites |
None
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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1947 | V2 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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4240 | AC3 AC = EC Joint Research Centre ESIS European Chemical Substance Information Systems including EINECS, now integrated with the database provided by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) (click here ) Eisenia foetida3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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280 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Lepomis macrochirus4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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23.5 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 9.3 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Ceriodaphnia dubia4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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24.8 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Americamysis bahia4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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50.0 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Chlamydomonas reinhardtii4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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1947 | V2 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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1100 | V2 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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14.0 | AC3 AC = EC Joint Research Centre ESIS European Chemical Substance Information Systems including EINECS, now integrated with the database provided by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) (click here ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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None allocated | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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None allocated | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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None allocated | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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List I | - | - | ||||||||
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Non-statutory WHO drinking water guideline 0.04 mg l⁻¹ | B5 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) UK EA QS database 20185 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Health issues |
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Liver, blood, kidney and lung toxicant Strong narcotic CLP data - recognised human carcinogen |
Handling issues |
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Flammable, explosive when mixed with air Corrosive Toxic and irritating gases may be generated in a fire IMDG Transport Hazard Class 3 |
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Handling: H225 Health: H302, H332, H350 |
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Not classified: Obsolete (Not classified: Obsolete) | |||
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UN1279 | |||
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Packaging Group II (moderate danger) | |||
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1,2-dichloropropane | ||
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1,2-dichloropropane | ||
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1,2-Dichlorpropan | ||
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1,2-dichloropropane | ||
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- | ||
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1,2-dicloropropano | ||
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dwuchloropropan | ||
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Record last updated: | 28/08/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |