Thiencarbazone-methyl (Ref: BYH 18636 ) |
Last updated: 19/09/2024 |
(Also known as: TCM) |
SUMMARY |
Data alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate | Ecotoxicity | Human health |
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A herbicide that is often used in mixtures with isoxaflutole for pre-emergence control of grassy and broad-leaved weeds | |
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Smartweed; Velvetleaf; Barnyardgrass; Morning glory; Dead nettle; Curly Dock; Hemp; Wild mustard; Foxtail; Lambsquarter | |
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Corn; Sweetcorn; Soybean; Beet; Wheat (Spring & Durum); Turf; Ornamentals | |
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- | |
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Current | |
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2008, introduced USA |
UK regulatory status |
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Approved | ||
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30/09/2029 | ||
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Crop 5m - See Authorisation for Crop LERAP Details |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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France/Greece | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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30/09/2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Additional information |
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USA, Morocco |
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Chemical structure |
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None | |
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C₁₂H₁₄N₄O₇S₂ | |
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CC1=C(C(=CS1)C(=O)OC)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)N2C(=O)N(C(=N2)OC)C | |
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- | |
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XSKZXGDFSCCXQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C12H14N4O7S2/c1-6-8(7(5-24-6)9(17)22-3)25(20,21)14-10(18)16-12(19)15(2)11(13-16)23-4/h5H,1-4H3,(H,14,18)/f/h14H | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Herbicide | |
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Triazolone herbicide | |
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950 g kg⁻¹ | |
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EU dossier - none declared | |
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Synthetic | |
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ALS inhibitor, systemic, absorbed by roots and leaves, contact and residual action | |
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317815-83-1 | |
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635-659-9 | |
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797 | |
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015804 | |
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11205153 | |
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No data found | |
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390.44 | |
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methyl 4-[(3-methoxy-4-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carbonyl)sulfamoyl]-5-methylthiophene-3-carboxylate | |
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methyl 4-[(4,5-dihydro-3-methoxy-4-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)carbonylsulfamoyl]-5-methylthiophene-3-carboxylate | |
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methyl 4-[[[(4,5-dihydro-3-methoxy-4-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-5-methyl-3-thiophenecarboxylate | |
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- | |
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B | |
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2 | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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- | |
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White crystalline powder | |
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Formulations |
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Available in a wide range of different formulations including oil dispersions, flowable concentrates and water dispersable granules |
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436 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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230 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Ethanol5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.15 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) n-Hexane5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
190 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Toluene5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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9540 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Acetone5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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205 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Decomposes before boiling | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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231 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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1.05 X 10-02 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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-1.98 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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Insoluble | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Regulatory data based on LogP | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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1.51 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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3.0 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Weak acid | |||||||||||
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8.8 X 10-11 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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7.88 X 10-14 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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Acid: 214nm = 27519, 228nm = 13125 Neutral: 214nm = 28596, 234nm = 14058 Basic: 211nm = 34453, 228nm = 29144 |
A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Degradation |
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11.6 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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51.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately persistent | ||||||||
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17 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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EU dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 3.1-38.8 days, DT₉₀ range 10.6-176.7 days; Field studies: DT₅₀ 17days mean, 45days max, n=17; Other data: DT₅₀ range 3.2 to 55 days (F4) | ||||||||||
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90.6 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Stable | |||||||
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146 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) at 25 °C5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Persistent | |||||||
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pH4: 118 days, PH9 153 days at 25 °C | ||||||||||
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26.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Fast | ||||||||
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21.3 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Slow | ||||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 4 = Verified data |
Moderately mobile | |||||||
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100 | ||||||||||
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Other data: Koc range 59.9 to 236 mL g⁻¹ (F4) | ||||||||||
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2.01 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately mobile | |||||||
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100 | ||||||||||
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0.906 | ||||||||||
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EU dossier kf range 0.40-6.23 mL g⁻¹, Kfoc range 43-190 mK/g, 1/n range 0.886-0.932, soils = 5 | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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2.46 | Calculated | Transition state | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1.03 X 10-01 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Low | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Moderately mobile | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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24.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 1.5E+06 OH/cm³, 12 hr5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Below the level of concern for long-range air transport | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Low risk | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Based on LogP < 35 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low risk | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Known soil metabolites |
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Major fraction | 0.212 | - | |||||
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Major fraction | - | - | |||||
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Major fraction | 0.536 | - | |||||
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Major fraction | 0.206 | - | |||||
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Major fraction | 0.156 | - |
Known groundwater metabolites |
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Not relevant | - | - |
Other known metabolites |
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- | Thiencarbazone-methyl-OMT-glycoside; M12 | Plant | - | ||||
- | Thiencarbazone-methyl-hydroxy; M13 | Plant | - | ||||
- | Thiencarbazone-methyl-hydroxy-glycoside; M14 | Plant | - | ||||
- | Dimethyl carbamate; M24 | Animal | - | ||||
- | Thiencarbazone-methyl-triazoldione; M26 | Water; Animal | - | ||||
- | Thiencarbazone-methyl-dicarboxy sulfonamide; M25 | Surface water | - | ||||
6-methylthienol(3,4-d)isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide | Thiencarbazone-methyl thienosaccharine; M05 | Plant; Rat; Animal | - | ||||
4-(((3-methoxy-5-oxo-4,50dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)carbonyl)amino)sulfonyl)-5-methylthiophene-3-carboxylic acid | Thiencarbazone-methyl N desmethyl carboxylic acid; M02 | Plant | - | ||||
4-(aminosulfonyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)thiophene-3-carboxylic acid | Thiencarbazone-methyl-hydroxy-sulphonamide-carboxylic acid; MO4 | Plant | - | ||||
6-(hydroxymethyl)thienol(3,4-d)isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide | Thiencarbazone-methyl-hydroxy-thienosaccharine; M06 | Plant | - | ||||
- | Thiencarbazone-methyl N desmethyl; M07 | Plant; Animal | - | ||||
- | Thiencarbazone-methyl-N-desmethyl-glycoside; M08 | Plant | - | ||||
- | Thiencarbazone-methyl-desmethyl-hydroxy; M09 | Plant | - | ||||
- | Thiencarbazone-methyl-desmethyl-hydroxy-glycoside; M10 | Plant | - | ||||
5-methoxy-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one | Thiencarbazone-methyl-OMT; M11; O-methyltriazolinone | Plant | - | ||||
- | Thiencarbazone-methyl-triazolinone carboxamide; M20 | Plant; Rat; Animal | - | ||||
- | Thiencarbazone-methyl-methyl carbamate; M23 | Animal; Rat | - | ||||
- | Thiencarbazone-methyl-hydroxy-sulfonamide; M16 | Plant | - | ||||
- | Thiencarbazone-methyl-hydroxy-sulfonamide-glycoside; M17 | Plant | - | ||||
- | Thiencarbazone-methyl-hydroxy-sulfonamide-acetyl-glycoside; M18 | Plant | - | ||||
- | Thiencarbazone-methyl-hydroxy-sulfonamide-glyceric acid; M19 | Plant | - | ||||
- | Thiencarbazone-methyl-MMT-glucoside; M22 | Plant | - |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 2000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 2000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 699 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹ | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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> 1000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect |
A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Dose: 0.3 mg kg⁻¹ DW soil 28 Day |
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> 1000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Folsomia candida5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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5.3 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Sunflowers5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Vegetative vigour, ER₅₀ as mL product ha⁻¹ (SC450: Conc 0.045 kg ha⁻¹) |
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2.9 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Ryegrass5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Seedling emergence, ER₅₀ as mL product ha⁻¹ (SC450: Conc 0.045 kg ha⁻¹) |
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> 200 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | |||||||
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> 199 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 45 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Aphidius rhopalosiphi5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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> 45 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Typhlodromus pyri5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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> 104 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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4.8 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Pimephales Promelas5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 98.6 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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3.54 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.0008 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Lemna gibba5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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0.17 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 2000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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2000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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> 2.018 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat 4 hr (nose only)5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.23 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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None allocated | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Not applicable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.12 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.3-2.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) concentration dependent5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Very low risk to consumers | |||||||||
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Very low risk to operaters | ||||||||||
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GB MRL levels for some commodities subject to change in late 2021 | ||||||||||
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Readily excreted (within 48 hrs) in the urine (~50%) and faeces (~50%). Largelty unmetabolised. | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Health issues |
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Possible kidney, bladder and urinary tract toxicant |
Handling issues |
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Not oxidising or explosive Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable |
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Environment: H400, H410 | |||
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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thiencarbazone-methyl | ||
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tienkarbazon-metyl | ||
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Record last updated: | 19/09/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |