2-phenylphenol |
Last updated: 24/10/2024 |
(Also known as: O-phenylphenol; 2-hydroxybiphenyl; phenyl-2 phenol; o-xenol; OPP; ortho-phenylphenol) |
SUMMARY |
2-phenylphenol is a broad-spectrum fungicide used to protect crops in storage. It is highly soluble in water, moderately volatile but is not expected to be persistent in the environment. 2-phenylphenol has a moderate to low toxicity to biodiversity. This substance has a low oral mammalian toxicity, a neurotoxin and is a recognised irritant. |
Data alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate | Ecotoxicity | Human health |
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Waxy substance used as a coating agent impregnated into wrappers and storage systems, to protect a variety of crops from storage diseases. Indoor use. | |
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Microbial damage; Canker | |
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Fruit including apples, pears, citrus | |
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Efficacy demostrated by extensive global use, field and lab trials. | |
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Current | |
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circa 1930, introduced |
UK regulatory status |
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Approved | ||
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31/12/2024 | ||
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No data |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Spain/Greece | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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15/11/2027 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Additional information |
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New Zealand, Canada, USA, Morocco |
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Chemical structure |
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None | |
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C₁₂H₁₀O | |
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C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2O | |
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- | |
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LLEMOWNGBBNAJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C12H10O/c13-12-9-5-4-8-11(12)10-6-2-1-3-7-10/h1-9,13H | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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2-phenylphenol | - |
General status |
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Fungicide, Other substance | |
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Disinfectant, Preservative, Biocide, Algicide | |
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Phenolic fungicide | |
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998 g kg⁻¹ | |
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EU dossier - None declared | |
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Synthetic | |
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Broad-spectrum, contact | |
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90-43-7 | |
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201-993-5 | |
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246 | |
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064103 | |
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7017 | |
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604-020-00-6 | |
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170.21 | |
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[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-ol | |
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biphenyl-2-ol | |
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[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-ol | |
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PAN listed Highly Hazardous Chemical | |
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- | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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BM01 | |
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- | |
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Colourless to lilac coloured flaky crystalline solid with slight musty odour | |
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Formulations |
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Fruit are usually packed in boxes and placed in a drenching cabinet. One application post-harvest is made. |
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560 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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5900000 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Ethanol3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | ||||||||
250000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Ethyl acetate5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
50300 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Heptane5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
250000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Acetone5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
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56.7 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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287 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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No decomposition below boiling point | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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1.51 X 1003 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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3.18 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) at 22.5 °C5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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- | - | - | |||||||
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1.22 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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9.4 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Weak acid | |||||||||||
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474 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Highly volatile. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable | ||||||||
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0.14 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately volatile | ||||||||
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245nm = 12800, 287nm = 8200 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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58.72 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 20 °C5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Degradation |
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Substance readily biodegrades | ||||||||||
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0.14 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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0.14 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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0.36 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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EU dossier lab data: DT₅₀ (normalised) 0.14 days and DT₉₀ (measured) 0.46 days for sandy loam and dark aerobic conditions: Other literature estimate DT₅₀ between 1-7 days | ||||||||||
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0.3 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Fast | |||||||
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- | ||||||||||
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Stable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Stable | |||||||
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Stable pH 5-9 upto 50 °C | ||||||||||
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8.65 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately fast | ||||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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8.68 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately mobile | |||||||
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347 | ||||||||||
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0.82 | ||||||||||
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EU 2021 dossier Kf range 7.04-11.66 mL g⁻¹, Kfoc range 252-393 mL g⁻¹, 1/n range 0.784-0.870, Soils=4 | ||||||||||
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No |
Fate indices |
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-1.25 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1.49 X 10-05 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Low | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Moderately mobile | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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21.7 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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3 | - |
Known metabolites |
None
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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2733 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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761 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat 13-week4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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> 2250 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Anas platyrhynchos5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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99.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida corr5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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62.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida corr5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 100 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | |||||||
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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4.0 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Salmo gairdneri5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.036 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Pimephales promelas5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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2.7 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.006 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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0.32 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Mysidopsis bahia5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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1.85 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Chironomus riparius5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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6.2 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Lemna gibba4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.85 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Scenedesmus subspicatus4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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2733 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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2000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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0.036 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.4 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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None allocated | F5 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) JMPR 20015 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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None allocated | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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0.4 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat SF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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25-70 | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) concentration dependent3 = Unverified data of known source |
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No exposure expected | |||||||||
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Acceptable risks for the proposed uses when used as prescribed | ||||||||||
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Relatively rapid and almost complete elimination via urine. | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Health issues |
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Bladder, kidney and liver toxicant May damage corneals Endocrine issues - Estrogen agonist Corrosive WHO - unlikely to be carcinogenic; Some published studies suggest carcinogenicity; US EPA - probable human carcinogen |
Handling issues |
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Very corrosive Combustable Not expected to auto-ignite Hygroscopic IMDG Transport Hazard Class 9 Not oxidising or explosive |
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Health: H315, H319, H335 Environment: H400 |
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III (Slightly hazardous) | |||
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UN3077 | |||
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Packaging Group III (minor danger) | |||
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2-phenylphenol | ||
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biphenyle-2-ol | ||
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Biphenyl-2-ol | ||
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ortofenilfenol | ||
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Record last updated: | 24/10/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |