2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a broad-spectrum non-food biocide. It is highly soluble in water and in some organic solvents such as acetone and ethanol. There is little information published on its environmental fate. It is moderately toxic to aquatic organisms. 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide has a moderate human oral toxicity, may be a reproduction/developmental toxin and is a recognised irritant.
Hazard alerts
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement. These hazard alerts do not take account of usage patterns or exposure, thus do not represent risk.
White-yellow powdery solid with mild antiseptic odour
Commercial
Property
Value
Availability status
-
Introduction & key dates
1972, introduced USA
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically
Dow Chemical Co.
Example products using this active
Slimicide 508
XD-7287L Antimicrobial
Aqucar
Dowicil
Sump buddy
Formulation and application details
Formulations include tablets and both solid and liquid soluble concentrates.
Commercial production
The commercial production of 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) involves the bromination of cyanoacetamide in an aqueous medium. In this process, bromine is added to cyanoacetamide, resulting in the formation of DBNPA and hydrobromic acid. To improve bromine utilization and reduce costs, sodium hypochlorite is introduced as an oxidant to regenerate bromine from the hydrobromic acid, allowing further bromination. The reaction is conducted at 10–20 DegC to control exothermicity and prevent decomposition.
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix
Value
-
-
-
Note
-
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7
Value
-
-
-
Note
-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7
Value
-
-
-
Note
-
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)
-
-
-
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)
-
-
-
Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)
-
-
-
Air degradation
As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.
Decay in stored produce DT₅₀
-
Soil adsorption and mobility
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Linear
Kd (mL g⁻¹)
-
-
-
Koc (mL g⁻¹)
-
Notes and range
-
Freundlich
Kf (mL g⁻¹)
-
-
-
Kfoc (mL g⁻¹)
-
1/n
-
Notes and range
-
pH sensitivity
-
Fate indices
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index
-
-
-
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate
Value
Cannot be calculated
-
-
Note
-
Potential for particle bound transport index
-
-
-
Potential for loss via drain flow
-
-
-
Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk
-
-
-
Bio-concentration factor
BCF (l kg⁻¹)
Low risk
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242
Ecotoxicity
Human health
Warning:
