Fluxapyroxad (Ref: BAS 700F)

Fluxapyroxad (Ref: BAS 700F)	Last updated: 31/10/2024
(Also known as: BAS 700 000 F; Xemium)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate High alert: Persistent	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Birds chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Moderate alert: Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A pesticide active substance that effective controls a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens in cereals and other food crops

Example pests controlled

Botrytis mould; Powdery mildew; Early blight; Rust

Example applications

Cereals; Legumes; Oilseeds including OSR, sunflowers; Top and stone fruit; Tuber and root vegetables; Peanuts; Tomato

Efficacy & activity

Wheat/Septoria=High; Wheat/Rust=Moderate; Barley/Rhynchosporium=High; Barley/Mildew=Low; Barley/Rust=Moderate, Barley/Net blotch=High

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

2011, First introduced UK; 2012, European market

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

31/05/2031

GB LERAP status

Check label - may vary with formulation

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

France/Greece

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

31/05/2025

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓		✓	✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓		✓	✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
✓	✓	✓	✓		✓	✓	✓	✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway
✓

Additional information

Also used in

USA, Iran, Morocco

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₁₈H₁₂F₅N₃O

Canonical SMILES

CN1C=C(C(=N1)C(F)F)C(=O)NC2=CC=CC=C2C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)F)F)F

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

SXSGXWCSHSVPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C18H12F5N3O/c1-26-8-11(16(25-26)17(22)23)18(27)24-14-5-3-2-4-10(14)9-6-12(19)15(21)13(20)7-9/h2-8,17H,1H3,(H,24,27)

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
fluxapyroxad	-

General status

Pesticide type

Fungicide

Substance groups

Pyrazole fungicide; Anilide fungicide; Carboxamide fungicide; Pyrazolecarboximide fungicide

Minimum active substance purity

950 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - toluene max 1g kg⁻¹

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Has proventative and curative properties and works by preventing spore gemination and infection development. Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor.

CAS RN

907204-31-3

EC number

620-041-3

CIPAC number

828

US EPA chemical code

138009

PubChem CID

16095400

CLP index number

616-228-00-4

Molecular mass

381.31

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3',4',5'-trifluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide

IUPAC name

3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide

CAS name

3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3',4',5'-trifluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide

Other status information

PAN listed Highly Hazardous Chemical

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Crystalline powder

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

BASF Corp

Example products using this active

Imbrex
Sercadis
Acceleron
Priaxor
Merivon
Dagonis

Formulation and application details

Supplied as an emulsifiable concentrate and applied as a foliar spray also often used as a seed dressing

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

3.44

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

250000

Acetone

123300

Ethyl acetate

53400

Methanol

20000

Toluene

Melting point (°C)

156.8

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

230

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

1.35 X 10⁰³

Calculated

Log P

3.13

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Soluble

Data type

Regulatory data - observed in metabolism and farm animal feeding studies

Density (g ml⁻¹)

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

12.58

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

2.7 X 10^-06

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

3.03 X 10^-07

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Acidic soln: 199nm = 35913, 230nm = 24137
Neutral soln: 203nm = 31582, 229nm = 23928
Basic soln: 229 nm = 23473, 215nm = 23227

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

73.3

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

183

Persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

183

Persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

181.5

Persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

650

Very persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

956

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 53.0-424 days, DT₉₀ range 229 - >1000 days; Field studies DT₅₀ (normalised) range 38.9-370 days, DT₉₀ range 854->1000 days, Soil=6

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

10.8

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 9.0-11.0 days, 3 field crops, N=3

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

>847

Stable

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

4.4

Moderately fast

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

[Pear homogenate: No observed residue decay @ <=20 DegC after 7 days; Lab study]

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

8.3

Slightly mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

728

¹/_n

0.914

Notes and range

EU dossier K_f range 2.5-17.9, K_foc range 320-1101 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.875-0.942, Soils=8

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

2.57

Calculated

Transition state

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

1.84 X 10^-01

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Medium

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Slightly mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

16.56

Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 1.5E+06 OH/cm³, 12 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

Low potential

CT₅₀ (days)

0.73

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (Ref: M700F001)

Major fraction

0.139

BASF verified

3-(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (Ref: M700F002)

Major fraction

0.389

BASF verified

Known groundwater metabolites

Metabolite

EC SANCO/221/2000 relevancy

ADI (mg kg⁻¹ bodyweight day⁻¹)

WHO drinking water guidance value (μg L⁻¹ day⁻¹)

3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (Ref: M700F001)

Not relevant

0.25

1500

3-(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (Ref: M700F002)

Not relevant

0.3

1800

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (Ref: M700F007)

Surface water

3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3,4,5-trifluoro[1,1-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole4-carboxamide (Ref: M700F008)

Animal

3-(difluoromethyl)-1-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-N-(3,4,5-trifluoro[1,1-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (Ref: M700F048)

Plant

3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(4-hydroxy-3,4,5-trifluoro[1,1-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (Ref: M700F005)

Animal; Plant

3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(hydroxy-3,4,5-trifluoro[1,1-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (Ref: M700F006)

Animal; Plant

3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (Ref: M700F007)

Plant

3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(hydroxy-3,4,5-trifluoro[1,1-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (Ref: M700F008)

Animal; Plant

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

300

Unknown species Reproductive NOAEL

Low

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Colinus virginianus

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 912 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹

Colinus virginianus

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

33.6

Anas platyrhynchos NOEC

Moderate

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 1000

Eisenia foetida

Low

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

21.3

Eisenia foetida 56 day

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 2.01 mg kg⁻¹ soil

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

500

Folsomia candida

Non-target plants

> 2.0

Unknown species
Vegetative vigour, ER₅₀
as L product ha⁻¹ (BAS 700 00 F: Conc 62.5 g l⁻¹)

> 2.0

Unknown species
Seedling emergence, ER₅₀
as L product ha⁻¹ (BAS 700 00 F: Conc 62.5 g l⁻¹)

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 110.9

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 375

Chrysoperla carnea Larva

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

293.75

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

8.0

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.466

Pimephales promelas

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.036

Pimephales promelas

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

6.78

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.5

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

3.6

Americamysis bahia

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

75.9

Chironomus riparius

Low

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

2.19

Lemna gibba

Moderate

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.70

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 5.31

Rat 4 hr (nose only)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.02

Rat SF=100

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.25

Rat SF=100

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.04

Rat SF=100

Dermal penetration studies (%)

0.16-8

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Moderate to low risk for bystanders suggested

Occupational

PPE/PPC advised

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Amendment to GB MRL regulation for fluxapyroxad/Chinese cabbage effective March 2022

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Significantly metabolised and rapidly excreted via the faeces

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Possible liver, prostrate and thyroid toxicant

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Non-oxidising and non-explosive
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Health: H362
Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

III (Slightly hazardous)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

fluxapyroxad

French

fluxapyroxade

German

Danish

Italian

Spanish

Greek

Polish

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	31/10/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242