Benthiavalicarb-isopropyl (Ref: KIF-230)

Benthiavalicarb-isopropyl (Ref: KIF-230)	Last updated: 18/03/2024
(Also known as: benthiavalicarb; HSDB 7501)

SUMMARY

Benthiavalicarb isopropyl is a fungicide. It has a low aqueous solubility, volatile and presents a moderate risk of leaching to groundwater. It is not expected to persist in soils but could persist in aqueous systems under some conditions. It has a low mammalian oral toxicity and may cause adverse reproduction/fertility effects. It is also an endocrine disruptor and may also be carcinogenic. Benthiavalicarb isopropyl is moderately toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, algae, earthworms and honeybees.

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: GUS: Transition state; Drainflow: Moderately mobile	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Birds chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms acute ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health High alert: Endocrine disrupter; Reproduction/development effects; Neurotoxicant

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A fungicide active against Oomycetes fungal plant pathogens

Example pests controlled

Blight; Downy mildew

Example applications

Potatoes; Vines; Tomatoes; Grapes

Efficacy & activity

Efficiacy demonstrated via extensive use and field trials

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

2003, introduced

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

31/07/2027

UK LERAP status

Check label - may vary with formulation

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Poland/France

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

15/11/2024

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
✓	✓	✓		✓	✓		✓	✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
✓		✓		✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
✓		✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway
	✓

Additional information

Also used in

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Benthiavaliarb-isopropyl is a mixture of R-L and S-L stereoisomers. The R-L stereoisomer is the main pesticidally active component. The S-L stereoisomer is not pesticidally-active an is present as a minor impurity.

Chemical formula

C₁₈H₂₄FN₃O₃S

Canonical SMILES

CC(C)C(C(=O)NC(C)C1=NC2=C(S1)C=C(C=C2)F)NC(=O)OC(C)C

Isomeric SMILES

C[C@H](C1=NC2=C(S1)C=C(C=C2)F)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)OC(C)C

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

USRKFGIXLGKMKU-ABAIWWIYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C18H24FN3O3S/c1-9(2)15(22-18(24)25-10(3)4)16(23)20-11(5)17-21-13-7-6-12(19)8-14(13)26-17/h6-11,15H,1-5H3,(H,20,23)(H,22,24)/t11-,15-/m1/s1

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Fungicide

Substance groups

Carbamate fungicide; Valinamide fungicide; Benzothiazole fungicide

Minimum active substance purity

910 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU RAR 2019 dossier - , toluene - 1 g kg⁻¹

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Protective and curative action with residual effects, inhibits phospholipid biosynthesis

CAS RN

177406-68-7

EC number

605-799-5

CIPAC number

744.204

US EPA chemical code

098379

PubChem CID

53297381

CLP index number

No data found

Molecular mass

381.47

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

isopropyl [(S)-1-{[(1R)-1-(6-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-methylpropyl]carbamate

CAS name

1-methylethyl N-[(1S)-1-[[[(1R)-1-(6-fluoro-2-benzothiazolyl)ethyl]amino]carbonyl]-2-methylpropyl]carbamate

Other status information

PAN Bad Actor Chemical

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

White powder

Related substances & organisms

benthiavalicarb

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Certis
Kumiai Chemical Co

Example products using this active

Valbon
Zorvec Endavia

Formulation and application details

Usually supplied as dispersible granules that are used as an aqueous spray

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

13.1

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

501

Xylene

25400

Acetone

11500

1,2-Dichloromethane

19400

Ethyl acetate

Melting point (°C)

153.1

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

240

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

3.63 X 10⁰²

Calculated

Log P

2.56

Low

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.25

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

0.3

Low volatility. If applied directly to plants, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

4.53 X 10^-03

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

0.221

Volatilisation is not considered critical for air pollution

From soil surface

0.074

Volatilisation is not considered critical for air pollution

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Neutral solution: 219nm = 24424, 292.5nm = 1298
Acidic soln: 219nm=23891
Basic soln: 220.5nm=23075

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

63.1

at 22°C

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Not readily biodegradable

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

13.8

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

13.8

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

54.0

Moderately persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU 2016 dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 10.6-18.8 days, DT₉₀ range 35.3-72.7 days, Soils=4

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

516

Stable

Note

DT₅₀ 6.8 days at pH 5, 178 days at pH 9

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

see also R4

Stable

Note

Stable at pH 4 to 9 up to 50 °C

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

16.6

Fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

6.05

Moderately fast

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

6.28

Moderately mobile

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

245.2

Notes and range

EU 2016 dossier K_d range 0.85-9.5 mL g⁻¹, K_oc range 166.6-379.5 mL g⁻¹, Soils=4

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

4.06

Moderately mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

180.6

¹/_n

0.88

Notes and range

EU 2016 dossier kf range 0.8-0.65 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 121.3-258.2 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.84-0.93, Soils=5

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

1.99

Calculated

Transition state

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

5.09 X 10^-02

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Moderately mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

4.68

Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 1.5E+06 OH/cm³, 12 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

Low risk

Based on LogP < 3

Low risk

CT₅₀ (days)

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

N-[1-(6-fluorobenzothiazol-2-yl)ethyl]acetamide (Ref: KIF-230-M8)

Minoir fraction

0.026

Anaerobic

benthiavalicarb

Major fraction

6-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzothiazole (Ref: KIF-230-M1)

Major fraction

0.277

1-(6-fluoro-2-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethanol (Ref: KIF 230-M3)

Major fraction

0.123

1-(6-fluoro-2-benzothiazolyl)ethylamine (Ref: KIF 230-M5)

Major fraction

0.268

6-fluorobenzothiazol-2-yl methyl ketone (Ref: KIF-230-M4)

Minor fraction

0.098

Known groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

6-fluorobenzothiazol-2-yl methyl ketone

KIF-230-M4

Plant; Surface water; Sediment

N-[1-(6-Fluorobenzothiazol-2-yl)ethyl]acetamide

KIF-230-M8

Surface water; Sediment

6,6’-difluoro-2,2’-dibenzothiazole

KF-230-I-6

Impurity

bis(2-amino-5-fluorophenyl) disulfide

KF-230-I-12

Impurity

6-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzothiazole (Ref: KIF-230-M1)

KIF-230-M1

Rat; Plant; Surface water; Sediment

1-(6-fluoro-2-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethanol (Ref: KIF 230-M3)

KIF-230-M3

Rat; Surface water; Sediment

1-(6-fluoro-2-benzothiazolyl)ethylamine (Ref: KIF 230-M5)

KIF-230-M5

Rat; Surface water; Sediment

KIF-230-M15

Rat

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

> 14

Rat

High

(ppm diet)

> 200

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

702

Unknown species Reproductive NOAEL

Low

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Colinus virginianus

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 937 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹

Colinus virginianus

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

105

Colinus virginianus NOAEL

Moderate

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 500

Eisenia foetida corr

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

162.0

Eisenia foetida corr

Low

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 2.65 mg kg⁻¹ soil

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic as 10-day LDD₅₀ µg bee⁻¹ day⁻¹

> 124.6

Apis mellifera

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 148.1

Bombus terrestris

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 740.5

Bombus terrestris

Low

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

3.69

Apis mellifera

Moderate

Mode of exposure

Bee brood development as ug/larva/developmental period

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 75.0

Chrysoperla carnea

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 75.0

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 75.0

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles) as Mortality LD₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 75.0

Poecilus cupreus

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 10

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

1.0

Oncorhynchus mykiss 28 day

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 10

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

3.0

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

> 10

Selenastrum capricornutum

Low

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 4.6

Rat 4 hr (whole body)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.1

Rat SF=100

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

6.7

Rat SF=300

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

6.7

Rat SF=300

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.1

Rat SF=100

Dermal penetration studies (%)

1.23-13.1

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

List II

Exposure Routes

Public

No unacceptable risks to bystanders identified

Occupational

Protective clothing should be worn
Possible risk from dermal exposure

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

0.1

EU Dir 89/778/EC limit

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Rapid and extensive elimination as metabolites (73 - 86% within 48 h), mainly via faeces (65%) and urine (12%)

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

May cause allergic reaction
Possible liver & thyroid toxicant
CLP data - suspected carcinogen

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable
IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6,1

CLP classification 2013

Health: H317, H319, H332, H351
Environment: H400

WHO Classification

Not listed (Not listed)

UN Number

UN2757

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

benthiavalicarb-isopropyl

French

German

Danish

Italian

bentiavalicarb isopropil

Spanish

Greek

Polish

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Norwegian

bentiavalikarb-isopropyl

Record last updated:	18/03/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242