Acrylonitrile (Ref: ENT 54) |

Last updated: 21/08/2024
|
 |
(Also known as: cyano ether; vinyl cyanide; propene nitrile; 2-propenenitrle; acrylic acid nitrile) |
Acrylonitrile is a fumigant insecticide and is now considered obsolete. It is highly soluble in water and miscible with most organic solvents. It has a high potential for leaching to groundwater. It is not expected to be persistent in soil systems. Acrylonitrile has a high mammalian toxicity and is carcinogenic. It is also a mutagen which may also cause adverse reproduction &/or development effects. Little is known about its ecotoxicology but it is moderately toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates. |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate |
Ecotoxicity |
Human health |
|
|
|
|
An obsolete pesticide that was used as a fumigant for insect control. It was also used for spot treatments in flour mills and bakeries. |
|
Mites; Japanese beetle; Cigarette beetle; Tobacco moth; Flour beetle; Grain beetle |
|
Stored grain; Dried fruit and nuts; Harvested tobacco; Food processing sites; Flour mills |
|
- |
|
Considered obsolete but may be available in some countries |
|
- |
|
Not approved |
|
Not applicable |
|
No UK approval for use as a pesticide |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
|
Not approved |
|
Not applicable |
|
Not applicable |
|
Not applicable |
|
No |
|
ATAustria |
BEBelgium |
BGBulgaria |
CYCyprus |
CZCzech Republic |
DEGermany |
DKDenmark |
EEEstonia |
ELGreece |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ESSpain |
FIFinland |
FRFrance |
HRCroatia |
HUHungary |
IEIreland |
ITItaly |
LTLithuania |
LULuxembourg |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LVLatvia |
MTMalta |
NLNetherlands |
PLPoland |
PTPortugal |
RORomania |
SESweden |
SISlovenia |
SKSlovakia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
None |
|
C₃H₃N |
|
C=CC#N |
|
No data |
|
NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
|
InChI=1S/C3H3N/c1-2-3-4/h2H,1H2 |
|
Yes |
Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams |
|
|
Common Name |
Relationship |
Link |
acrylonitrile |
- |
 |
|
Insecticide, Other substance |
|
Bactericide |
|
Fumigant insecticide |
|
- |
|
- |
|
Synthetic |
|
Respiratory action. |
|
107-13-1 |
|
203-466-5 |
|
None allocated |
|
000601 |
|
7855 |
|
608-003-00-4 |
|
53.06 |
|
prop-2-enenitrile |
|
acrylonitrile |
|
acrylonitrile |
|
- |
|
- |
|
Not applicable |
|
Not applicable |
|
Not known |
|
Not applicable |
|
- |
|
Colourless to pale yellow liquid with a garlic type odour |
|
|
|
- American Cyanamid Co., Degesh
- Stauffer
|
|
|
|
Fumigant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
76000 |
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
High |
|
100000 |
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data Methanol |
- |
100000 |
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data Ethyl acetate |
- |
100000 |
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data Acetone |
- |
100000 |
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data Heptane |
- |
|
-84 |
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
- |
|
77 |
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
|
1.20 X 10-01 |
Calculated |
- |
|
-0.92 |
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
Low |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
0.806 |
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
1.37 X 1007 |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Highly volatile. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable |
|
0.063 |
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
Non-volatile |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
15 |
|
Non-persistent |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
Literature states degradation in activated sewage sludge is complete in 20 days |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. |
|
- |
Soil adsorption and mobility |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
Very mobile |
|
9.0 |
|
- |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
3.58 |
Calculated |
High leachability |
|
|
2.82 X 10-01 |
Calculated |
- |
|
- |
|
Low |
Calculated |
- |
|
Very mobile |
Calculated |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
|
0.48 |
|
Low potential |
|
Not available |
- |
Known soil and groundwater metabolites |
|
None
|
|
|
|
cyanoacetaldehyde |
- |
Rat |
- |
cyanoacetic acid |
- |
Rat |
- |
2-cyanoethanol |
- |
Rat |
- |
glycoladehyde |
- |
Rat |
- |
2-cyanolethylene oxide |
- |
- |
- |
glycidonitrile |
- |
Rat |
- |
pyruvonitrile |
- |
Rat |
- |
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
|
|
|
|
|
78.0 |
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data Rat |
High |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
10.1 |
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data Pimephales promelas |
Moderate |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
7.6 |
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data Daphnia magna |
Moderate |
|
0.5 |
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data Daphnia magna |
Moderate |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
High (class III) |
- |
- |
|
78.0 |
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data Rat |
High |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
Intravenous LD₅₀ = 69 mg kg⁻¹ |
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data Rabbit |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
|
- |
|
Acrylonitrile will permeate through the skin |
|
|
EU MRL pesticide database |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
Excreted in the urine |
|
- |
|
Carcinogen |
|
Endocrine disruptor |
✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E1 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 1 = Positive |
No data found |
Reproduction / development effects |
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor |
Neurotoxicant |
✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
No data found |
No data found |
Respiratory tract irritant |
Skin irritant |
Skin sensitiser |
✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
?Possibly, status not identified |
Eye irritant |
Phototoxicant |
|
✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
No data found |
|
|
|
May cause light jaundice, leucoytosis, headaches and gastro-intestinal problems Liver and kidney toxicant IARC Group 2B carcinogen; CLP data - known human carcinogen |
|
|
|
May emit toxic fumes of cyanide on heating May be explosive under some conditions Flammable |
|
Health: H350, H331, H311, H301, H335, H315 Environment: H411 |
|
Not classified: Fumigant (Not classified: Fumigant) |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
|
|
|
acrylonitrile |
|
nitrile acrylique |
|
Acrylnitril |
|
- |
|
Nitrile acrilico |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
|
acrylnitril |
|
- |
Record last updated: |
21/08/2024 |
Contact: |
aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: |
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |