ACC is an amino acid herbicide and plant growth regulator. It is soluble in water but much less so in organic solvents. Published data regarding its environmental fate are limited. Soil degradation is expected to be rapid. ACC is quite mobile. It has a low to moderate toxicity to terrestrial animals and a low to moderate toxicity to most aquatic life the exception being algae where it is considered highly toxic. No significant concerns have been identified concerning human health.
Data alerts
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate
Ecotoxicity
Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Drainflow: Slightly mobile; Potential for particle bound transport: Medium
As an ethylene releasing substance it affects the growth and development of plants as well as their senescence.
CAS RN
22059-21-8
EC number
217-162-5
CIPAC number
None allocated
US EPA chemical code
-
PubChem CID
535
CLP index number
No data found
Molecular mass
101.1
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
IUPAC name
1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid
CAS name
1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid
Other status information
-
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards
-
Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)
-
Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)
-
Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)
Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)
Not applicable
Examples of recorded resistance
-
Physical state
White to off-white coloured powder
Formulations
Property
Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically
-
Example products using this active
-
Formulation and application details
Usually supplied as wettable granules
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)
72000
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data
High
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)
0.2
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data
Hexane
-
0.2
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data
Xylene
-
0.2
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data
Dichloromethane
-
300
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data
Acetone
-
Melting point (°C)
Decomposes on melting
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data
-
Boiling point (°C)
Decomposes before boiling
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data
-
Degradation point (°C)
-
-
-
Flashpoint (°C)
-
-
-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C
P
1.26 X 10-03
Calculated
-
Log P
-2.9
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data
Low
Fat solubility of residues
Solubility
-
-
-
Data type
-
-
-
Density (g ml⁻¹)
1.41
E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source
-
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C
-
-
-
-
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)
0.0036
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data
Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)
-
-
-
Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost
From plant surface
-
-
-
From soil surface
-
-
-
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹
P4
-
-
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)
-
-
-
Degradation
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
General biodegradability
-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)
DT₅₀ (typical)
1.4
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data
Non-persistent
DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)
-
-
-
DT₅₀ (field)
-
-
-
DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)
-
-
-
DT₉₀ (field)
-
-
-
DT₅₀ modelling endpoint
-
-
-
Note
[Canada Health: DT₅₀ range 0.81 days (sandy clay loam) to 3.4 days (sandy loam)
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix
Value
-
-
-
Note
-
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix
Value
-
-
-
Note
-
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7
Value
-
-
-
Note
-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7
Value
-
-
-
Note
-
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)
-
-
-
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)
-
-
-
Air degradation
As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.
Decay in stored produce DT₅₀
-
Soil adsorption and mobility
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Linear
Kd (mL g⁻¹)
-
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data
Slightly mobile
Koc (mL g⁻¹)
1000
Notes and range
-
Freundlich
Kf (mL g⁻¹)
-
-
-
Kfoc (mL g⁻¹)
-
1/n
-
Notes and range
-
pH sensitivity
-
Fate indices
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index
0.15
Calculated
Low leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate
Value
3.56 X 10-04
Calculated
-
Note
-
Potential for particle bound transport index
Medium
Calculated
-
Potential for loss via drain flow
Slightly mobile
Calculated
-
Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk
-
-
-
Bio-concentration factor
BCF (l kg⁻¹)
3.16
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data
Low potential
CT₅₀ (days)
-
-
Known metabolites
None
ECOTOXICOLOGY
Terrestrial ecotoxicology
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
> 4974
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data
Rat
Low
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL
(mg kg⁻¹)
-
-
-
(ppm diet)
-
-
Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)
-
-
-
Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
343
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data
Colinus virginianus
Moderate
Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)
1712 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data
Colinus virginianus
-
Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)
-
-
-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
-
-
-
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)
-
-
-
Soil micro-organisms
-
-
-
Collembola
Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
-
-
-
Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)
-
-
-
Non-target plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
Honeybees (Apis spp.)
Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
> 120.9
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data
Apis mellifera
Low
Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
> 254.4
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data
Apis mellifera
Low
Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
-
-
-
Chronic
-
-
-
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)
Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
-
-
-
-
Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
-
-
-
-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)
Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
-
-
-
Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
-
-
-
Other bee species (1)
Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)
-
-
-
Mode of exposure
-
Other bee species (2)
Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)
-
-
-
Mode of exposure
-
Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)
-
-
-
Beneficial insects (Lacewings)
-
-
-
Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)
-
-
-
Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)
-
-
-
Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)
-
-
-
Aquatic ecotoxicology
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
> 117
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Low
Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)
-
-
-
Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242
Environmental fate
Warning:
Human health
