Glyphosate-sodium

Glyphosate-sodium	Last updated: 03/03/2024
(Also known as: sodium glyphosate)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Drainflow: Slightly mobile; Potential for particle bound transport: Medium	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Birds chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health High alert: Genotoxic

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A herbicide used in a wide range of cropping, utility and industrial situations to control annual and perennial grasses and broad-leaved weeds

Example pests controlled

Annual and perennial weeds, Broad-leaved weeds, Grasses

Example applications

Agriculture including cereals; Soybeans; Glyphosate tolerant crops; Horticulture; Forestry; Domestic gardens & lawns.

Efficacy & activity

Efficacy demonstrated by field trials and extensive global use

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1971, glyphosate first introduced

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

15/12/2025

GB LERAP status

Check label - may vary with formulation

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Assessment Group on Glyphosate

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

15/12/2033

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes - as glyphosate

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway
	✓

Additional information

Also used in

China

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₃H₇NNaO₅P

Canonical SMILES

C(C(=O)O)NCP(=O)(O)[O-].[Na+]

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

YWICANUUQPYHOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C3H8NO5P.Na/c5-3(6)1-4-2-10(7,8)9;/h4H,1-2H2,(H,5,6)(H2,7,8,9);/q;+1/p-1

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
glyphosate	Parent

General status

Pesticide type

Herbicide

Substance groups

Organophosphate herbicide; Phosphonoglycine herbicide

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Broad-spectrum, systemic, contact action, translocated and non-residual acivity. Inhibits EPSP synthase.

CAS RN

34494-03-6

EC number

608-996-4

CIPAC number

284

US EPA chemical code

PubChem CID

23677848

CLP index number

607-315-00-8

Molecular mass

191.06

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

sodium;(carboxymethylamino)methyl-hydroxyphosphinate

IUPAC name

sodium;(carboxymethylamino)methyl-hydroxyphosphinate

CAS name

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

White crystalline solid

Related substances & organisms

glyphosate

glyphosate-trimesium

glyphosate-monoammonium

glyphosate-isopropylamine

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Monsanto

Example products using this active

Formulation and application details

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

10500

as gylphosate

High

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Melting point (°C)

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

5.25 X 10^-07

Calculated

Log P

-6.28

as gylphosate

Low

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

0.0131

as gylphosate

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Not readily biodegradable

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

16.11

as glyphosate

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

16.11

as gylphosate

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

6.45

as glyphosate

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

296.82

as glyphosate

Persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

120

as glyphoate

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

Data for glyphosate acid EFSA 2021 RAR: Lab studies DT₅₀ range 0.7-78.9 days, DT₉₀ range 14.9-1660 days, Soils=10; field studies DT₅₀ range 1.1-13.7 days, DT₉₀ range 54.4-201 days, Soils =6

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

20.8

as glyphosate

Fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

9.9

as glyphosate

Moderately fast

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

209.4

as gylphosate

Slightly mobile

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

1424

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

70.85

as gylphosate

Non-mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

5436

¹/_n

0.69

Notes and range

Data for glyphosate acid EFSA 2021 RAR: K_f range 18.1-166.4 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 1031-9615, ¹/_n range 0.540-0.777, Soils=10

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

0.21

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

5.44 X 10^-03

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Medium

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Slightly mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

0.5

Whole fish as glyphosate

Low potential

CT₅₀ (days)

Not available

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

glyphosate (Ref: MON 0573)

Major fraction

1.0

aminomethylphosphonic acid

Major fraction

Known groundwater metabolites

Metabolite

EC SANCO/221/2000 relevancy

ADI (mg kg⁻¹ bodyweight day⁻¹)

WHO drinking water guidance value (μg L⁻¹ day⁻¹)

aminomethylphosphonic acid

Relevant

glyphosate (Ref: MON 0573)

Relevant

Other known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Rat as glyphosate

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

351

Rat as glyphosate

Low

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Colinus virginianus as glyphosate

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

116

Anas platyrhynchos as glyphosate

Moderate

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5600

Eisenia foetida as glyphosate

Low

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

21.31

Eisenia foetida as glyphosate

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

587

Folsomia candida as glyphosate

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera as glyphosate

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

104

Apis mellifera as glyphosate

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic as 10-day LDD₅₀ µg bee⁻¹ day⁻¹

> 179

Apis mellifera as glyphosate

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 100

Oncorhynchus mykiss as glyphosate

Low

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

1.0

Brachydanio rerio as glyphosate

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 100

Daphnia magna as glyphosate

Low

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

12.5

Daphnia magna as glyphosate

Low

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

12.0

Lemna gibba as glyphosate

Low

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

19.0

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata as glyphosate

Low

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Rat as glyphosate

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat as Glyphosate

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 5.0

Rat 4 hr (nose only) as Glyphosate

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.5

Dog & Rat SF=100 as Glyphosate

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

1.5

Rabbit SF=100 as Glyphosate

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.3

Rabbit SF=500 as Glyphosate

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.3

Dog & Rabbit SF=500 as Glyphosate

Dermal penetration studies (%)

1.0

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Risks to bystanders and residents considered low

Occupational

PPE/PPC recommended to reduce risks

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

GB MRL amended July 2021

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Rapid and extensive - approx 90% in 24hrs mainly via faeces

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

IARC group 2A carcinogen; US EPA - no evidence to support classification as human carcinogen; EFSA - inconclusive data for cancer in humans
Possible bladder and liver toxicant
May cause serious eye damage
Endocrine issues - Disruption of aromatase activity

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

IMDG Transport Hazard Class 9
Not oxidising or explosive
Corrosive
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Health: H318
Environment: H411

WHO Classification

III (Slightly hazardous)

UN Number

UN3077

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group III (minor danger)

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

glyphosate-sodium

French

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Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

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Record last updated:	03/03/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242