2,4-D (Ref: L 208) |
Last updated: 29/08/2024 |
(Also known as: 2,4 PA; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; aqualin; hedonal) |
SUMMARY |
2,4-D is a selective, systemic herbicide used for the control of broad-leaved weeds. It is highly soluble in water, volatile and has a low potential to leach to groundwater based on its chemical properties. It is non-persistent in soil but may persist in aquatic systems under certain conditions. It is moderately toxic to mammals but should not bioaccumulate. It may have negative effects on reproduction, development and is considered to be a neurotoxin and an irritant. It is moderately toxic to birds and most aquatic species as well as honeybees and earthworms. |
Data alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate | Ecotoxicity | Human health |
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A translocated phenoxy herbicide for use in cereals, grass and amenity use. Can also be a pesticide transformation product | |
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Broad-leaved weeds; Evasive weeds in aquatic situations | |
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Turf grass & pastures; Non-cropping situations; Amenity sites; Orchards; Cereals including barley, wheat and oats; Lucerne | |
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- | |
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Current | |
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circa 1950, introduction |
UK regulatory status |
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Approved | ||
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31/12/2030 | ||
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Check label - may vary with formulation |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Greece/Poland | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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31/12/2030 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Additional information |
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Australia, USA, Morocco |
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Chemical structure |
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None | |
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C₈H₆Cl₂O₃ | |
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C1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)Cl)OCC(=O)O | |
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No data | |
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OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C8H6Cl2O3/c9-5-1-2-7(6(10)3-5)13-4-8(11)12/h1-3H,4H2,(H,11,12) | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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2,4-D | - | |
2,4-D | - |
General status |
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Herbicide, Plant Growth Regulator, Metabolite | |
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Soil | |
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Phenoxy herbicide; Phenoxy PGR; Phenoxyacetic herbicide; Auxin PGR | |
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960 g kg⁻¹ | |
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EU dossier - dioxins & furans; 2,4-dichlorophenol | |
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Synthetic | |
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Selective, systemic, absorbed through roots and increases biosynthesis and production of ethylene causing uncontrolled cell division and so damages vascular tissue. Synthetic auxin. | |
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94-75-7 | |
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202-361-1 | |
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1 | |
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030001 | |
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1486 | |
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607-039-00-8 | |
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221.04 | |
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(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid | |
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(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid | |
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(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid | |
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Potential groundwater contaminant | |
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UK statutory standard for protection of aquatic life for inland, coastal & territorial surface waters as annual average: 40 µg l⁻¹ | |
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O | |
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4 | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Limnocharis flava, Limnophila erecta, Papaver rhoeas, Sisymbrium orientale | |
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White powdery solid | |
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Can be a metabolite of: |
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2,4-DEP | Soil | - | - | |||||
2,4-D-isoctyl | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-ammonium | Soil | 1.00 | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-choline | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-diethylammonium | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-dodecylammonium | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-ethyl | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-heptylammonium | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-isobutyl | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-isopropyl | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-isopropylammonium | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-lithium | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-meptyl | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-methyl | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-methylammonium | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-octyl | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-pentyl | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-potassium | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-propyl | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-sodium | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-tefuryl | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-tetradecylammonium | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-triethylammonium | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-trolamine | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-doboxyl | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-tripromine | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-etexyl | Soil | 1.00 | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-terboxyl | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-butotyl | Soil | 1.00 | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-dimethylammonium | Soil | 1.00 | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-diolamine | Soil | - | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-D-butyl ester | Soil | 1.00 | Major fraction | |||||
2,4-DB | Soil | 0.261 | Major fraction |
Formulations |
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Often supplied as a soluble concentrate which is mixed with water and applied as a spray |
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24300 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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6400 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Toluene5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
212000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Acetone5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
810000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Methanol5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
8000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Dichloromethane5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
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138.7 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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273.0 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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200 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data |
- | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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1.51 X 10-01 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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-0.82 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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- | - | - | |||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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1.57 | B5 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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3.40 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
Strong acid | |||||||||||
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0.009 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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4.0 X 10-06 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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- | - | - | |||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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pH 1.16: 227nm=7344.4, 228nm=1448.9 pH 7.0: 228nm=8815.6, 283nm=1940 pH 11.3: 229nm=8984.5nm, 283nm=1977.5 |
A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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70.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- |
Degradation |
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- | ||||||||||
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4.4 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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4.4 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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28.8 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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47.9 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately persistent | ||||||||
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96.3 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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EU dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 1.2-94.6 days, DT₉₀ range 5.4-195.56 days; Field studies DT₅₀ range 22-38 days, DT₉₀ range 74-127 days; Other sources: 1.7-13.1 days (R3) | ||||||||||
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2.2 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.1-3.0 days, 3 field crops, various matrices, n=3 | ||||||||||
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12.7 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.1-24.8 days, 4 field crops, various matrices, n=6 | ||||||||||
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38 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Stable | |||||||
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- | ||||||||||
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Stable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Stable | |||||||
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Stable between pH 5 to pH 9 | ||||||||||
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18.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Fast | ||||||||
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7.7 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately fast | ||||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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0.70 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Mobile | |||||||
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39.3 | ||||||||||
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EU dossier Kd range 0.32-1.22 mL g⁻¹, Koc range 23-68 mL g⁻¹, Soils=7; Other literature multiple studies Kd range 1.59-1.88 mL g⁻¹, Koc range 31-275 mL g⁻¹ (R4) | ||||||||||
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0.45 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Mobile | |||||||
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24 | ||||||||||
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0.83 | ||||||||||
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EU dossier Kf range 0.19-0.83 mL g⁻¹, Kfoc range 12-42 mL g⁻¹, 1/n range 0.78-0.90, Soils=7; Other literature multiple studies Kf range 0.003-8.7 mL g⁻¹, Kfoc range 0.15-875 mL g⁻¹, 1/n range 0.35-1.59, Soils = 18 | ||||||||||
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No |
Fate indices |
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3.82 | Calculated | High leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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6.92 X 10-01 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Low | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Mobile | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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10 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Whole fish5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not available | - |
Known soil metabolites |
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Major fraction | 0.380 | - | |||||
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Major fraction | 0.150 | - | |||||
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Major fraction | 0.330 | - |
Known groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
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(4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid | - | - | - | ||||
(2,4-dichloro-5-hydroxyphenoxy)acetic acid | 5-OH-2,4-D | Plant | - | ||||
(2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenoxy)acetic acid | 4-OH-2,3-D | Plant | - | ||||
1,2,4-benzenetriol | - | Water (photolysis) | - | ||||
2-ethylhexyl (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate | 2,4-D 2-EHE | - | - | ||||
(2,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenoxy)acetic acid | 4-OH-2,5-D | Plant | - |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 300 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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60 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | |||||||
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- | - | |||||||||
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> 40.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Unknown species Reproductive NOAEL5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 500 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 5620 mg kg feed⁻¹ | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus4 = Verified data |
- | ||||||||
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> 100 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Coturnix japonica5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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350 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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62.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect |
A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Dose: 3 mg kg⁻¹ 28 Day |
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10 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Folsomia candida5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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19 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Lettuce5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Vegetative vigour, ER₅₀ as g ha⁻¹ |
- | ||||||||
27 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Lettuce5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Seedling emergence, ER₅₀ as g ha⁻¹ |
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> 100 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | |||||||
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94 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 3000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Aphidius rhopalosiphi 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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> 3000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Typhlodromus pyri5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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100 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Pimephales promelas4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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27.2 | J3 J = Pesticide Action Network database (click here ) Oryzias latipes 28 day3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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> 160 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Danio rerio4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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134.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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46.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 272 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Ceriodaphnia dubia4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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> 3.88 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Chironomus spp. 48 hr4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
|
2.7 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Lemna gibba5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
|
24.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Raphidocelis subcapitata5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
|
100 | J4 J = Pesticide Action Network database (click here ) Chlorella vulgaris4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - |
|
- | - | - |
|
General |
|
|
|
|
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 300 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
|
2000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
|
> 1.79 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat 4 hr (whole body)5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
0.02 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat SF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
|
0.30 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat AF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
0.02 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat SF=1004 = Verified data |
- | ||||||||
|
0.1-4.0 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) concentration dependent5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
Small risk of dermal exposure from contact with sprayed vegetation No risk to consumers via acute residue |
|||||||||
|
Moderate risk of inhalation and dermal exposure depending on personal protection clothing and equipment utilised | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
||||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
Non-statutory WHO drinking water guideline 0.03 mg l⁻¹ | B5 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) UK EA QS database 20185 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
|
70.0 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) (For USA - EPA drinking water regulations)4 = Verified data |
- | ||||||||
|
Rapidly excreted in urine unmetabolised | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
- |
Health issues |
|
|
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IARC - Group 2B carcinogen; US EPA - Not classifiable as human carcinogen Excessive doses may affect digestive systems Possible liver and kidney toxicant Endocrine issues - Synergistic androgenic effects when combined with testosterone |
Handling issues |
|
|
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Corrosive to metals IMDG Transport Hazard Class 9 Not explosive or oxidising Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable |
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Health: H302, H317, H318, H335 Environment: H412 |
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|
II (Moderately hazardous) | |||
|
UN3077 | |||
|
Dispose of in accordance with local regulations Packaging Group III (minor danger) |
|||
|
- |
|
|
|
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2,4-D | ||
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2,4-D | ||
|
2,4-D | ||
|
2,4-D | ||
|
2,4-D | ||
|
2,4-D | ||
|
- | ||
|
2,4-D | ||
|
2,4-D | ||
|
2,4-D | ||
|
2,4-D | ||
|
2,4-D |
Record last updated: | 29/08/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |