Lenacil (Ref: DPX B634) |
Last updated: 17/07/2024 |
(Also known as: lenacile) |
SUMMARY |
Lenacil is an uracil herbicide for selective weed control. It has a low solubility in water, has a high risk of leaching to groundwater based on its chemical properties and is semi-volatile. It is moderately persistent in soil and will persist in aquatic systems. It is not greatly toxic to mammals and is a known irritant, but no other significant human health issues have been identified. It is moderately toxic to birds, most aquatic organisms, honeybees and earthworms. |
Data alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate | Ecotoxicity | Human health |
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A soil-acting herbicide for the control of weeds in beet and other crops | |
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Annual grasses; Broad-leaved weeds | |
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Sugarbeet; Red beet; Fodder beet; Mangels; Sugarcane; Ornamentals; Currants; Gooseberries; Spinach; Turnips | |
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Efficacy demonstrated via long term use and via the EU's Uniform Principles approach | |
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Current | |
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circa 1965, introduced |
UK regulatory status |
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Approved | ||
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31/12/2027 | ||
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Check label - may vary with formulation |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Belgium/Austria | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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15/08/2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes - two 'Persistent-Bioaccumulative-Toxic' criteria | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Additional information |
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Morocco |
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Chemical structure |
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None | |
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C₁₃H₁₈N₂O₂ | |
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C1CCC(CC1)N2C(=O)C3=C(CCC3)NC2=O | |
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No data | |
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ZTMKADLOSYKWCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C13H18N2O2/c16-12-10-7-4-8-11(10)14-13(17)15(12)9-5-2-1-3-6-9/h9H,1-8H2,(H,14,17) | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Herbicide | |
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Uracil herbicide | |
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975 g kg⁻¹ | |
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EU dossier - None declared | |
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Synthetic | |
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Selective, systemic absorbed by roots and having residual effect. Inhibits photosynthesis (photosystem II). | |
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2164-08-1 | |
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218-499-0 | |
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163 | |
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525200 | |
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16559 | |
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613-320-00-6 | |
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234.29 | |
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- | |
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3-cyclohexyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopentapyrimidine-2,4(3H)-dione | |
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3-cyclohexyl-6,7-dihydro-1H-cyclopentapyrimidine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione | |
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PAN listed Highly Hazardous Chemical | |
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- | |
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C1 | |
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5 | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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- | |
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White to tan coloured crystals |
Formulations |
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Often supplied as soluble concentrate or wettable powder |
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2.9 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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690 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Acetone5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
80 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Toluene5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
1.3 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Hexane5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
500 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Ethyl acetate5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
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Decomposes before melting | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Decomposes before boiling | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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270 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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4.90 X 1001 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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1.69 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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1.32 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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10.7 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
Very weak acid | |||||||||||
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1.7 X 10-06 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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1.3 X 10-07 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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Neutral solution: 271nm = 7880, 290nm = 1760 Acidic solution: 271nm = 7990, 290nm = 1760 Basic solution, 227nm = 7220, 291nm = 1760 |
A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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62.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) at 24°C5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Degradation |
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49.7 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately persistent | |||||||
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49.7 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately persistent | ||||||||
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39.8 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately persistent | ||||||||
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53.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately persistent | ||||||||
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131.8 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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10.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) geometric mean5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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EU dossier 2019 lab studies DT₅₀ (normalised) range 20.5-96.1 days, Soils=8, DT₉₀ (2013 measured data) range 37-83 days, 2013 field studies DT₅₀ (normalised) range 18-88 days, DT₉₀ (measured) range 61-291 days; Other sources: DT₅₀ range 35-200 days | ||||||||||
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Stable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Stable | |||||||
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- | ||||||||||
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Stable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Stable | |||||||
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Stable pH 5 to pH 9 for over 1 year | ||||||||||
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112 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Slow | ||||||||
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91 | K4 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Stable | ||||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately mobile | |||||||
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165 | ||||||||||
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Literature range 75-254 mL g⁻¹ | ||||||||||
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2.39 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately mobile | |||||||
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130 | ||||||||||
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0.89 | ||||||||||
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EU 2019 dossier kf range 0.35-7.87, Kfoc range 75-254 mL g⁻¹, 1/n range 0.86-0.94, Soils=7 | ||||||||||
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No |
Fate indices |
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3.02 | Calculated | High leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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2.94 X 10-01 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Low | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Moderately mobile | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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18 | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Estimated2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Low potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not available | - |
Known soil metabolites |
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Major fraction | 0.139 | - | |||||
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Major fraction | 0.217 | - | |||||
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Minor fraction | - | - | |||||
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Minor fraction | - | - |
Known groundwater metabolites |
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Not relevant | - | - | ||||||
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Not relevant | - | - |
Other known metabolites |
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Ref: IN-KQ961 | - | Water (Photolysis) | - | ||||
Ref: IN-KC943 | 7-hydroxy lenacil | Plant | - |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 5000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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- | - | - | |||||||
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4279 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat Reproductive NOAEL5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 2000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Anas platyrhynchos5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 1088 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹ | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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100.4 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus NOEL5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 1000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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1000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect |
A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Dose: 5.0 kg ha⁻¹; 28 Day |
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427 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Lycopersicon esculentum5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Vegetative vigour, ER₅₀ as g ha⁻¹ |
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177.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Brassica napus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Seedling emergence, ER₅₀ as g ha⁻¹ |
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> 227.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | |||||||
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> 206.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 142.3 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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> 200.0 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Bombus terrestris5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | |||||||
- | |||||||||||
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> 195.4 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Bombus terrestris5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 1900 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Aphidius rhopalosiphi5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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> 1900 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Typhlodromus pyri5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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> 1700 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Poecilus cupreus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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> 2.0 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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2.3 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 8.4 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.48 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.019 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Lemna gibba5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.0077 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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0.01 | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Unknown species2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.0221 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Macrophytes zooplankton and phytoplankton5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 5000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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2000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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> 5.12 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat 4 hr (nose only aerosol)5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.12 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat SF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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None allocated | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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3.0 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat SF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.4 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat SF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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25-75% | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) concentration dependent; default values5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Negligible risk for bystanders | |||||||||
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Potential risk of exposure to operators - PPE/PPC required | ||||||||||
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Excreted mainly via the urine within 12-24 hrs | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Health issues |
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Possible liver, spleen or thyroid toxicant CLP data - suspected carcingen |
Handling issues |
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Not explosive or oxidising IMDG Transport Hazard Class 9 Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable |
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Health: H351 Environment: H400, H410 |
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U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard) | |||
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UN3077 | |||
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Packaging Group III (minor danger) | |||
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Chemically stable under standard ambient conditions |
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lenacil | ||
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lenacile | ||
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Lenacil | ||
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lenacil | ||
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lenacil | ||
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lenacilo | ||
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lenacyl | ||
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lenacil | ||
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lenacil | ||
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Record last updated: | 17/07/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |