Atrazine (Ref: G 30027) |
Last updated: 22/08/2024 |
(Also known as: aneldazin) |
SUMMARY |
Atrazine is a herbicide used to control broad-leaved weeds and grasses. It has selective, systemic action with residual and foliar activity. It has a low aqueous solubility, it is volatile and, based on its physico-chemical properties there is some concern that it could leach to groundwater. It is generally not persistent in the field nor in aquatic systems. It is moderately toxic to mammals, is not expected to bioaccumulate and is a skin, eye and respiratory system irritant. Atrazine is moderately toxic to most aquatic life, earthworms and honeybees but presents less of a risk to birds. |
Data alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate | Ecotoxicity | Human health |
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A triazine herbicide used pre- and post-emergence with restricted permitted uses to control broad-leaved weeds and grasses | |
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Morning glory; Barnyard grass; Cocklebur; Lambsquarters; Crabgrass; Pigweed; Buckwheat; Ragweed; Foxtail | |
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Corn; Sorghum; Sugarcane; Turf; Asparagus | |
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- | |
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Current | |
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1957, introduced |
UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Expired | ||
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Expired | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Additional information |
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Australia, USA |
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Chemical structure |
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None | |
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C₈H₁₄ClN₅ | |
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CCNC1=NC(=NC(=N1)Cl)NC(C)C | |
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No data | |
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MXWJVTOOROXGIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C8H14ClN5/c1-4-10-7-12-6(9)13-8(14-7)11-5(2)3/h5H,4H2,1-3H3,(H2,10,11,12,13,14) | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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atrazine | - |
General status |
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Herbicide | |
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Triazine herbicide; Chlorotriazine herbicide | |
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- | |
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- | |
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Synthetic | |
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Selective, systemic action with residual and foliar activity. Inhibits photosynthesis (photosystem II). | |
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1912-24-9 | |
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217-617-8 | |
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91 | |
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080803 | |
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2256 | |
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613-068-00-7 | |
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215.68 | |
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6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine | |
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6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine | |
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6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine | |
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OSPAR soc; WFD priority substance; Potential groundwater contaminant; Chemical subject to PIC regulations; PAN Bad Actor Chemical | |
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EU Directive 2008/105/EC EQS surface waters: annual average 0.6 µg l⁻¹; max measured 2.0 µg l⁻¹ UK statutory standard for protection of aquatic life for inland, coastal and territory surface waters 2.0 µg l⁻¹ |
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C1 | |
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5 | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Many recorded cases, Alopecurus myosuroides, Alopecurus myosuroides, Amaranthus retroflexus, Conyza canadensis, Abutilon theophrasti | |
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White crystals |
Formulations |
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Available in a variety of formulations including dry flowable, flowable liquid, liquid, water dispersible granules and wettable powders. |
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35 | B5 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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24000 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Ethyl acetate4 = Verified data |
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28000 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Dichloromethane4 = Verified data |
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4000 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Toluene4 = Verified data |
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110 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) n-Hexane4 = Verified data |
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175.8 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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Decomposes before boiling | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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5.01 X 1002 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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2.7 | B5 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Soluble | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Regulatory data - observed in metabolism and farm animal feeding studies | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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1.23 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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1.7 | B5 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Very weak base | |||||||||||
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0.039 | B5 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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1.50 X 10-04 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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Degradation |
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75 | B5 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) Laboratory5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately persistent | |||||||
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66 | B4 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Moderately persistent | ||||||||
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29 | B4 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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Lab studies DT₅₀ range 28-150 days, field studies DT₅₀ range 6-108 days (USA); Other sources: DT₅₀ 6-10 weeks (R3), 146 days at 25 °C (R3) | ||||||||||
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2.6 | B5 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately fast | |||||||
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86 | K4 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Moderately persistent | |||||||
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Rapidly hydrolysed in strong acids and alkalis and at elevated temperatures | ||||||||||
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80 | K4 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Moderately fast | ||||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately mobile | |||||||
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100 | ||||||||||
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Other sources: 89-513 mL g⁻¹ (R3), Log Koc 2.00 at 25 °C (R4) | ||||||||||
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3.2 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
Moderately mobile | |||||||
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174 | ||||||||||
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1.07 | ||||||||||
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Literature data: Kf range 1.3-6.3 mL g⁻¹, kfoc range 70-429 mL g⁻¹, 1/n range 1.04=1.10, Soils = 13 | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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2.57 | Calculated | Transition state | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1.52 X 10-01 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Low | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Moderately mobile | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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4.3 | P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators (Other literature Log BCF range 0.98-2.5 (R3))4 = Verified data |
Low potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not available | - |
Known soil metabolites |
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Minor fraction | - | - | |||||
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Minor fraction | 0.08 | - | |||||
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Minor fraction | 0.08 | - | |||||
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Minor fraction | 0.08 | - | |||||
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Minor fraction | 0.004 | - | |||||
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Major fraction | 0.33 | - | |||||
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Major fraction | 0.21 | - |
Known groundwater metabolites |
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Relevant | - | - | ||||||
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Relevant | - | - | ||||||
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Not relevant | - | - |
Other known metabolites |
None
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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1869 | B5 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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- | B3 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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200 | - | |||||||||
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4237 | B5 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) Coturnix japonica5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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79 | B5 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 100 | B4 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Low | |||||||
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> 100 | B5 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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Harmless | AA2 AA = IOBC Database on classification of side effects to beneficial organisms, 2005 Typhlodromus pyri2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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> 4.5 | B5 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) Oncorhynchus mykiss5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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2 | J4 J = Pesticide Action Network database (click here ) Oncorhynchus mykiss4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 3.34 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Danio rerio4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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85 | B3 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) Daphnia magna3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.25 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna LOEC3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 3.0 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Ceriodaphnia dubia4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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1.0 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Americamysis bahia4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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1.0 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Chironomus riparius 1 day3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.019 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Lemna gibba3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.059 | B3 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) Raphidocelis subcapitata3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.1 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Green algae3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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1869 | B5 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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3100 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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5.8 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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0.02 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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None allocated | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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10 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) EU 19985 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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May be absorbed from the lungs or through intact skin | ||||||||||
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Non-statutory WHO drinking water guideline 0.002 mg l⁻¹ | B5 B = UK CRD and ACP Evaluation Documents / and other DEFRA (UK) documents; Also Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), UK (click here ) UK EA QS database 20185 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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In rats, after 72hrs ~65% excreted in urine and remainder retained by liver, kidneys and lungs | G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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IARC Group 3 carcinogen - not classifiable; Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Program listed carcinogen May cause coma, circulatory collapse and gastric bleeding May cause renal failure May disturb testosterone metabolism Endocrine issues - Androgen inhibition, weak estrogenic effect |
Handling issues |
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Avoid the formation of dust Powders may become explosive under certain conditions Store away from heat, flames and sparks Not expected to auto-ignite |
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Health: H317, H373 Environment: H400, H410 |
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III (Slightly hazardous) | |||
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atrazine | ||
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atrazine | ||
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Atrazin | ||
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atrazin | ||
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atrazina | ||
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atrazina | ||
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atrazine | ||
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atrazyna | ||
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atrazine | ||
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atrazine | ||
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Record last updated: | 22/08/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |