Pencycuron (Ref: NTN 19701)

Pencycuron (Ref: NTN 19701)	Last updated: 16/05/2024
(Not known by any other names)

SUMMARY

Pencycuron is a phenylurea fungicide. It is virtually insoluble in water but will dissolve in most common organic solvents. It is volatile and not expected to leach to groundwater. It is moderately persistent in soils and slightly more so in water systems. It is not highly toxic to mammals but is moderately toxic to birds, most aquatic organisms, honeybees and earthworms.

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Moderately persistent; Potential for particle bound transport: Medium	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Birds chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Bees acute oral ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Moderate alert: Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A fungicide used to control diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Pellicularia spp.

Example pests controlled

Black scurf; Sheath blight; Rot; Damping-off

Example applications

Potatoes; Sugarbeet; Rice; Cotton; Ornamentals; Rice

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1984, introduced

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Latvia/Poland

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Australia

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₁₉H₂₁ClN₂O

Canonical SMILES

C1CCC(C1)N(CC2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)C(=O)NC3=CC=CC=C3

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

OGYFATSSENRIKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C19H21ClN2O/c20-16-12-10-15(11-13-16)14-22(18-8-4-5-9-18)19(23)21-17-6-2-1-3-7-17/h1-3,6-7,10-13,18H,4-5,8-9,14H2,(H,21,23)

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
pencycuron	-

General status

Pesticide type

Fungicide

Substance groups

Phenylurea fungicide; Urea fungicide

Minimum active substance purity

980 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - None declared

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Non-systemic with protective action. Inhibition of mitosis and cell division.

CAS RN

66063-05-6

EC number

266-096-3

CIPAC number

402

US EPA chemical code

128823

PubChem CID

91692

CLP index number

616-220-00-0

Molecular mass

328.84

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1-cyclopentyl-3-phenylurea

CAS name

N-((4-chlorophenyl)methyl)-N-cyclopentyl-N'-phenylurea

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Colourless crystals

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

AgriGuard
Bayer CropScience
Standon
BOC Sciences

Example products using this active

Monceren DS
Monceren IM
Pency Flowable

Formulation and application details

Often supplied as a dry powder for seed treatment or as water-dispersible powders

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

0.3

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

230

n-Heptane

11500

Xylene

89400

Acetone

43800

Ethyl acetate

Melting point (°C)

132

Boiling point (°C)

286

Degradation point (°C)

140

decomposition begins

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

4.79 X 10⁰⁴

Calculated

Log P

4.68

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Soluble

Data type

Regulatory data - observed in metabolism and farm animal feeding studies

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.22

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

4.1 X 10^-04

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

5.10 X 10^-04

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Maxima at 240nm = 19720, 291nm = 10

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

72.1

at 20°C

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

82.4

Moderately persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

82.4

Moderately persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

37.8

Moderately persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

320.9

Persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

193.2

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 43.7-175 days (normalised), DT₉₀ range 159-625 days (normalised); field studies DT₅₀ range 31.7-68.2 days, DT₉₀ range 98-373 days

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

2.2

Note

Rice straw, n=1

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

156

Persistent

Note

pH and temperature sensitive: DT₅₀ 4.7 days at pH 5, 14.2 days at pH 7, 15 days at pH 9, all at 50 °C; extrapolated to 156 days for pH 7 at 25 °C

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

113.5

Slow

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

5.3

Moderately fast

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

46.0

Non-mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

4906

¹/_n

1.11

Notes and range

EU dossier K_f range 28.4-56.7 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 2414-10441 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.906-1.206, Soils=4

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

0.49

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

9.89 X 10^-03

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Medium

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Non-mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

2.1

Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 1.5E+06 OH/cm³, 12 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

226

Threshold for concern

CT₅₀ (days)

90% in 3days

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

N-((4-chlorophenyl)-methyl)-N-cyclopentylamide

Major fraction

0.450

1-cyclopentyl-3-phenylurea

Minor fraction

0.066

4-chloro-N-cyclopentyl-N-(phenylcarbamoyl)benzamide

Minor fraction

0.099

Known groundwater metabolites

Metabolite

EC SANCO/221/2000 relevancy

ADI (mg kg⁻¹ bodyweight day⁻¹)

WHO drinking water guidance value (μg L⁻¹ day⁻¹)

N-((4-chlorophenyl)-methyl)-N-cyclopentylamide

Relevancy unknown

1-cyclopentyl-3-phenylurea

Relevancy unknown

N-((4-chlorophenyl)-methyl)-N-cyclopentylamide

Relevancy unknown

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

4-chloro-hippuric acid

Rat (Urine)

N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-N-cyclopentylamine (Ref: THS 3995)

PB-amine; pencycuron metabolite M16

Rat (Faeces, Bile, Liver); Plant; Water; Sediment

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

Rat 2 yr

(ppm diet)

> 50

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

> 1000

Rat Reproductive NOAEL

Low

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Colinus virginianus

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 1750 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹

Colinus virginianus

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

122.1

Coturnix japonica NOEL

Moderate

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 1000

Eisenia foetida

Low

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

3.3

Eisenia foetida 56 day

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 3.44 kg ha⁻¹

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

60.0

Folsomia candida

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 98.5

Apis mellifera

Moderate

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings) as % Mortality at dose 300 g ha⁻¹

8.9

chrysoperla carnea

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 685

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 6200

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles) as % Mortality at dose 2.47 kg ha⁻¹

Poecilus cupreus

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.3

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

>= 0.3

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.3

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.05

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

>= 0.3

Chironomus riparius Emergence

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.3

Scenedesmus subspicatus

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.1

Unknown species

Moderate

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 5.13

Rat 4 hr

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.2

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.15

Dermal penetration studies (%)

0.2-12.5

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

GB MRL to be revised March 2024

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

No further information available

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

Limited shelf-life. Store 0-6 DegC

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

pencycuron

French

pencycuron

German

Pencycuron

Danish

pencycuron

Italian

pencicuron

Spanish

pencicuron

Greek

Polish

pencykuron

Swedish

pencykuron

Hungarian

pencycuron

Dutch

pencycuron

Norwegian

Record last updated:	16/05/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242