Triclopyr

Triclopyr	Last updated: 23/08/2024
(Not known by any other names)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate High alert: GUS: High leachability; Drainflow: Mobile	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Birds acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Birds chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health High alert: Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A herbicide for perennial broad-leaved and woody weed control mainly on uncultivated areas

Example pests controlled

Alder; Blackberry; Boxelder; Buckthorn; Cottonwood; Gorse; Hawthorn; Mulberry; Sassafras; Wild rose; Burdock; Curly dock; Canada thistle; Mustard; Lambsquarter

Example applications

Uncultivated areas; Grassland; Plantations; Rangeland; Right-of-way; Industrial sites; Ornamental turf; Rice

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1979, introduced

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

30/04/2029

UK LERAP status

Check label - may vary with formulation

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Poland/Hungary

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

15/12/2024

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
✓	✓		✓	✓	✓			✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
✓		✓			✓			✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
		✓	✓	✓	✓			✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Australia, USA, Morocco

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₇H₄Cl₃NO₃

Canonical SMILES

C1=C(C(=NC(=C1Cl)Cl)OCC(=O)O)Cl

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

REEQLXCGVXDJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C7H4Cl3NO3/c8-3-1-4(9)7(11-6(3)10)14-2-5(12)13/h1H,2H2,(H,12,13)

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
triclopyr	-

General status

Pesticide type

Herbicide

Substance groups

Pyridine herbicide

Minimum active substance purity

960g kg⁻¹ as butoxyethyl ester

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - None declared

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Selective, systemic, absorbed through roots and foliage. Synthetic auxin.

CAS RN

55335-06-3

EC number

259-597-3

CIPAC number

376

US EPA chemical code

116001

PubChem CID

41428

CLP index number

No data found

Molecular mass

256.47

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

((3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl)oxy)acetic acid

IUPAC name

3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyloxyacetic acid

CAS name

((3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy)acetic acid

Other status information

Potential groundwater pollutant

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

White solid

Related substances & organisms

triclopyr-butotyl

triclopyr-triethylammonium

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

AgriGuard
Dow AgroSciences
Nomix Environ
Nufarm UK
Scotts
Conquest Crop Protection Pty Ltd

Example products using this active

Blastor T
Doxstar
Grazon 90
Garlon 4
Conquest Hatchet Extra

Formulation and application details

Usually formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

8100

High

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Hexane

19000

Toluene

665000

Methanol

582000

Acetone

Melting point (°C)

150

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

210

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

3.55 X 10^-01

Calculated

Log P

-0.45

Low

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Insoluble

Data type

Regulatory data

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.3

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

3.97

Weak acid

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

0.2

Low volatility. If applied directly to plants, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

2.90 X 10^-03

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

18.81

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

18.81

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

Moderately persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

105

Persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

153.9

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU 2018 dossier lab studies DT₅₀ (normalised) range 8.11-53.1 days, DT₉₀ (actual) range 26.9-178 days, Soils=8

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

10.9

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 4.0-17.8 days, 2 field grown crops, leaves, n=2

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

0.1

Fast

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

8.7

Non-persistent

Note

pH and temperature sensitive: DT₅₀ 84 days at pH 5 and 25 °C, 26 days at pH 5 and 35 °C, 8.7 days at pH 7 and 25 °C, 2.3 days at pH 7 and 35 °C, 0.3 days at pH 9 and 25 °C, 0.06 days at pH 9 and 35 °C

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

29.2

Fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

24.8

Slow

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

Mobile

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

1.017

Mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

57.95

¹/_n

0.917

Notes and range

EU 2018 dossier kf range 0.574-2.647 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 35.84-80.22 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.883-0.942, Soils=5; Literature mean: K_f = 5.2 mL g⁻¹, K_foc = 56.7 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n = 0.898, Soils = 7

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

3.30

Calculated

High leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

3.86 X 10^-01

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

26.5

Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 1.5E+06 OH/cm³, 12 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

0.77

(Other literature Log BCF range -0.3-0.04 (R3))

Low potential

CT₅₀ (days)

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol

Major fraction

0.331

Known groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinol

Surface water/sediment

6-chloro-2-pyridinol

Surfce water/sediment

3,5,6-trichloro-2-methoxypyridine

Plant

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

630

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

Rat 2 yr

High

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Rat Reproductive NOAEL

Moderate

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

1698

Anas platyrhynchos

Moderate

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 5620 mg kg feed⁻¹

Anas platyrhynchos

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

16.95

Colinus virginianus NOEC

Moderate

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 521

Eisenia foetida corr

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

6.0

Eisenia foetida 56 day

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

117

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Low

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

46.3

Daphnia magna

Low

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

132.9

Daphnia magna

Low

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

48.5

Daphnia magna

Low

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

23.0

Chironomus riparius

Low

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

0.8

Lemna gibba

Moderate

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

181.1

Selenastrum capricornutum

Low

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Unknown species

Low

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

630

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 4.8

Rat 4 hr (nose only)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.03

Rat SF=100

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.3

Rabbit SF=100

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.05

Rat SF=100

Dermal penetration studies (%)

10-18

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

No unacceptable risks to bystanders identified

Occupational

Risk to operators but acceptable under label recommendations for use for personal protection clothing and equipment

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Not greatly metabolised, rapidly excreted via urine >80% within 72hrs

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

General human health issues

Highly toxic
Heart, kidney and liver toxicant

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
IMDG Transport Hazard Class 9
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Health: H302, H319, H317, H373
Environment: H410

WHO Classification

II (Moderately hazardous)

UN Number

UN3082

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group III (minor danger)

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

triclopyr

French

triclopyr

German

Triclopyr

Danish

triclopyr

Italian

triclopir

Spanish

triclopir

Greek

Polish

trichlopyr

Swedish

Hungarian

triklopyr

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	23/08/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242