Binapacryl (Ref: FMC 9044)

Binapacryl (Ref: FMC 9044)	Last updated: 23/08/2024
(Also known as: endosan; HOE 02784; OMS 571)

SUMMARY

Binapacryl is a fungicide. It has a low aqueous solubility, is highly volatile and would not normally be expected to leach to groundwater. Binapacryl may be persistent in soil systems. It is highly toxic to mammals, may cause adverse development/fertility effects and is a known skin irritant. Binapacryl is highly toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates and moderately toxic to birds and honeybees.

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate High alert: Potential for particle bound transport: High Warning: Significant data are missing	Ecotoxicity High alert: Fish acute ecotoxicity: High; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: High	Human health High alert: Mammals acute toxicity: High; Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

An obsolete contact fungicide and acaricide once used to control mildew and mites on certain fruits and vegetables. An ester of dinoseb.

Example pests controlled

Powdery mildew; Panonychid and Tetranychid mites

Example applications

Apples; Pears; Cucumber

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Considered obsolete - banned or voluntarily withdrawn - but may be available in some countries

Introduction & key dates

circa 1960, introduced

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

GB LERAP status

No UK approval for use as a pesticide

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Not applicable

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

No applicable

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Chemical structure

Isomerism

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-binapacry

Chemical formula

C₁₅H₁₈N₂O₆

Canonical SMILES

CCC(C)C1=CC(=CC(=C1OC(=O)C=C(C)C)[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-]

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

ZRDUSMYWDRPZRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C15H18N2O6/c1-5-10(4)12-7-11(16(19)20)8-13(17(21)22)15(12)23-14(18)6-9(2)3/h6-8,10H,5H2,1-4H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Fungicide, Insecticide, Miticide, Acaricide

Substance groups

Dinitrophenol acaricide; Dinitrophenol insecticide; Dinitrophenol fungicide

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Non-systemic. As a miticide it works with ovicidal action, uncoupling or inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Respiration inhibitor.

CAS RN

485-31-4

EC number

207-612-9

CIPAC number

138

US EPA chemical code

012201

PubChem CID

10234

CLP index number

609-024-00-1

Molecular mass

322.31

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

rac-2-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-4,6-dinitrophenyl 3-methylbut-2-enoate

IUPAC name

(RS)-2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenyl 3-methylcrotonate

CAS name

2-(1-methylpropyl)-4,6-dinitrophenyl 3-methyl-2-butenoate

Other status information

Severe Marine Pollutant; Rotterdam Convention (Class O) - subject to PIC regulations

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Examples of recorded resistance

Panonychus citri, Panonychus ulmi, Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus mcdanieli

Physical state

Colourless to yellow or brownish crystalline powder

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

FMC Corp
Hoechst

Example products using this active

Acricid
Ambox
Morocide
Endosan
Dinapacryl
Niagara 9044

Formulation and application details

Formulated as emulsifiable concentrates and wettable poweders

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

780000

Acetone

110000

Ethanol

700000

Xylene

400

Hexane

Melting point (°C)

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

5.62 X 10⁰⁴

Calculated

Log P

4.75

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.24

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

at 60°C

Highly volatile. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

0.034

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

100

Persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

General literature states that it may undergo slow hydrolysis

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

Slightly mobile

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

2400

Notes and range

Estimated

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

1.24

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

2.86 X 10^-02

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

High

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Slightly mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

2400

Calculated

Threshold for concern

CT₅₀ (days)

Not available

Known soil and groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

dinoseb (Ref: HOE 26150)

Mammal (dog)

3-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)-butanol

Mammal (dog)

3-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)-butyric acid

Mammal (dog)

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Rat

High

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 800

Gallus domesticus

Moderate

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 50

Moderate

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Notes

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Moderately harmful

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.05

Oncorhynchus mykiss

High

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.03

Asellus brevicaudus

High

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants (free-floating, growth) - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic plants (rooted, growth) - Acute 14 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

10.8

Scenedesmus subspicatus

Low

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Rat

High

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

720

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

The probable routes of exposure to binapacryl are by dermal contact or inhalation of dust

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Highly toxic and may damage liver, kidneys and nervous system
Shows teratogenicity

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Avoid generation of dust
It is readily hydrolized by strong acids or dilute alkalis

CLP classification 2013

Health: H302, H312, H360D
Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

II (Moderately hazardous)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group III (minor danger)

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

binapacryl

French

binapacryl

German

Binapacryl

Danish

binapacryl

Italian

binapacril

Spanish

binapacril

Greek

binapacryl

Polish

binapakryl

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

binapacryl

Norwegian

Record last updated:	23/08/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242