Bromoxynil (Ref: ENT 20852) |
Last updated: 22/08/2024 |
(Also known as: butil chlorofos; bromotril; bromoxynil phenol) |
SUMMARY |
A widely used herbicide. It has a high aqueous solubility and is not considered to be volatile. The potential for leaching to groundwater is considered low, and it is not expected to be persistent in soil or water systems. It is highly toxic to mammals, is an endocrine disrupter and may cause negative reproduction or development effects. It is moderately toxic to most aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity. The main exceptions are a low toxicity to algae and honeybees by the contact route (not the oral route). |
Data alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
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An HBN herbicide used for post-emergence control of annual broad-leaved weeds. it is also a pesticide transformation product | |
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Pigweed; Mayweed; Knotweed; Shepherd's purse; Goosefoot; Morning glory; Dwarf marigold; Stinkweed; Cocklebur; Wild radish | |
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Cereals including wheat, barley, oats; Lucerne; Corn; Sorghum; Onions; Flax; Mint; Turf; Non-crop land | |
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Proved as effective by extensive use over a prolonged period and via field experiments | |
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Current | |
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1963, first reported. |
UK regulatory status |
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Phasing out | ||
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Expired | ||
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Check label - may vary with formulation |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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France/Germany | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Expired | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Additional information |
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Australia |
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Chemical structure |
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None | |
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C₇H₃Br₂NO | |
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C1=C(C=C(C(=C1Br)O)Br)C#N | |
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No data | |
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UPMXNNIRAGDFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C7H3Br2NO/c8-5-1-4(3-10)2-6(9)7(5)11/h1-2,11H | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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bromoxynil | - |
General status |
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Herbicide, Metabolite | |
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Soil | |
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Hydroxybenzonitrile herbicide; Nitrile herbicide | |
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970 g kg⁻¹ | |
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EU dossier - None declared | |
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Synthetic | |
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Selective, contact action with some systemic activity. Inhibits photosynthesis (photosystem II). | |
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1689-84-5 | |
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216-882-7 | |
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87 | |
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035301 | |
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15531 | |
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608-006-00-0 | |
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276.9 | |
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3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile | |
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3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile | |
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3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile | |
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Marine Pollutant; PAN listed Highly Hazardous Chemical | |
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UK Environment Agency non-statutory standard for the protection of aquatic life: freshwater and saltwater annual average 100 µg l⁻¹; max acceptable conc: 1000 µg l⁻¹ | |
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C3 | |
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6 | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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- | |
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Clear to white crystalline solid | |
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Can be a metabolite of: |
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bromoxynil-butanoate | Soil | 0.379 | Major fraction | |||||
bromoxynil-butanoate | Groundwater | - | Relevant | |||||
bromoxynil-octanoate | Soil | 0.446 | Major fraction | |||||
bromoxynil-octanoate | Groundwater | - | Relevant | |||||
bromoxynil-heptanoate | Groundwater | - | Relevant | |||||
bromoxynil-heptanoate | Soil | 0.317 | Major fraction | |||||
bromoxynil-potassium | Groundwater | - | Relevant | |||||
bromoxynil-potassium | Soil | - | - |
Formulations |
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Spray application |
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38000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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186000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Acetone5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
80500 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Methanol5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
46700 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) n-Octanol5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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51100 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Acetonitrile5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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190.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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Decomposes before boiling | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data |
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270 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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1.86 X 1000 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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0.27 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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Insoluble | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data |
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Regulatory data | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data |
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1.63 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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3.86 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Weak acid | |||||||||||
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0.12 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low volatility. If applied directly to plants, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable | ||||||||
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8.7 X 10-07 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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16.4 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 24 hr5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Volatilisation is not considered critical for air pollution | |||||||
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7.7 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 24 hr5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Volatilisation is not considered critical for air pollution | ||||||||
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In methanol: 221.2nm = 30343, 286.8nm = 18302, 295.0nm=16215 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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73.0 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) at 20 °C 90%5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Degradation |
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1.04 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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1.04 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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8 | Y4 Y = Germany's Federal Environment Agency (UBA) (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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5.16 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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EU 2017 dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 0.15-4.42 days, DT₉₀ range 0.60-24.17 days, Soils=17; Other sources: field studies from literature (R3), generally DT₅₀ 7-10 days (Q3) | ||||||||||
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2.2 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.1-3.2 days, 2 field crops, various matrices, n=2 | ||||||||||
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0.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Fast | |||||||
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Stable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Stable | |||||||
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13 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Fast | ||||||||
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13 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately fast | ||||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately mobile | |||||||
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302 | ||||||||||
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2.84 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately mobile | |||||||
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127.2 | ||||||||||
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0.98 | ||||||||||
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EU 2017 dossier kf range 0.8-5.9 mL g⁻¹; Kfoc range 57-256 mL g⁻¹; 1/n range 0.937-1.009, Soils=5 | ||||||||||
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Yes - lower mobility at low pH |
Fate indices |
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1.71 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1.80 X 10-02 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Low | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Moderately mobile | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1224 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 1.5E+06 OH/cm³, 12 hr5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Substance of concern for long-range air transport | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Low risk | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Based on LogP < 35 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low risk | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No data | - |
Known soil metabolites |
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Major fraction | 0.348 | - | |||||
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Major fraction | 0.216 | - |
Known groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
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2,6-dibromohydroquinone glucoside | - | Plant | - | ||||
2-bromo-4-cyanophenyl octanoate | M09 | Surface water; Sediment | - | ||||
3,4-dihydroxybenzonitrile | M13 | Surface water; Sediment | - | ||||
3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzamide | M01 | Plant; Surface water; Sediment | - | ||||
3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid | M02 | Mammal; Plant | - | ||||
3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl D-glucopyranoside | - | - | - | ||||
3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzonitrile | M03 | Surface water; Sediment | - | ||||
3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile | - | Surface water; Sediment | - | ||||
4-hydroxybenzonitrile | M06 | Surface water; Sediment | - |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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130 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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16.6 | L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat 2 yr2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
High | |||||||
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100 | - | |||||||||
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> 17.75 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat Reproductive NOAEL5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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217 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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1380 mg kg feed⁻¹ | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Anas platyrhynchos5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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15.9 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Anas platyrhynchos NOAEL5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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45 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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4.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Nitrogen mineralisation: Low, transient effect Carbon mineralisation: Low, transient effect |
A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Dose: 3.73 mg kg⁻¹ 28 Day |
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56 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Folsomia candida5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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150 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | |||||||
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10.9 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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14.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera as bromoxynil5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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> 100 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Bombus terrestris5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | |||||||
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30.0 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Aphidius rhopalosiphi as octanate4 = Verified data |
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9.47 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Typhlodromus pyri as octanate4 = Verified data |
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> 655 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Poecilus cupreus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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29.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Lepomis macrochirus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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2.0 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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3.21 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Danio rerio3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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12.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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3.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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1.9 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Chironomus riparius4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 0.286 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Chironomus atrella4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.033 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Lemna gibba5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.12 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Navicula pelliculosa4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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3.13 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Green algae population study4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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130 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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2000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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0.15 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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0.03 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
|
0.013 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
|
0.013 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat SF=3005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
|
0.003 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
|
3.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
Minimal risk from dietary exposure Risk assessment indicates ARfD would not normally be execeeded |
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Low risk from registered uses with PPE/PPC, High risk without PPE/PPC | ||||||||||
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|
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GB MRL expected to deviate from the EU MRL in mid-2023 | ||||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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Mostly eliminated in the urine as bromoxynil phenol (free and conjugates) | G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
- |
Health issues |
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US EPA - possible human carcinogen Possible liver and thyroid toxicant |
Handling issues |
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|
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IMDG Transport Hazard Class 9 Not explosive or oxidising Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable |
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Health: H301, H317, H330, H360d Environment: H400, H410 |
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II (Moderately hazardous) | |||
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UN3082 | |||
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Packaging Group III (minor danger) | |||
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- |
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bromoxynil | ||
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bromoxynil | ||
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Bromoxynil | ||
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bromoxynil | ||
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bromoxinil | ||
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bromoxinil | ||
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bromoxynil | ||
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bromoksynil | ||
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- | ||
|
bromoxynil | ||
|
bromoxynil | ||
|
- |
Record last updated: | 22/08/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |