Camphechlor (Ref: Hercules 3956) |
Last updated: 29/08/2024 |
(Also known as: toxaphene; polychlorocamphene; chlorocamphene; toxafeen; octachlorocamphene) |
SUMMARY |
Camphechlor is an obsolete insecticide and acaricide. It has a low aqueous solubility, is quite volatile and moderately mobile. Based on its chemical properties, it has a high risk of leaching to groundwater. It is not expected to be persistent in soil but may be persistent in water systems. Camphechlor is highly toxic to mammals and is likely to bioaccumulate. It is highly toxic to birds and most aquatic organisms. |
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A topically applied insecticide that is now obsolete | |
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Considered obsolete but may be available in some countries; Banned in many countries | |
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1947, developed | |
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Control of ticks, fleas and mange mites | |
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General livestock |
Approval status |
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Not approved | |
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Not approved |
Chemical structure |
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Isomeric | |
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C₁₀H₁₀Cl₈ | |
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C1C2C(C(C(C1(Cl)Cl)(C2(CCl)C(Cl)Cl)CCl)Cl)Cl | |
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- | |
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YNEKMCSWRMRXIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C10H10Cl8/c11-2-8(7(15)16)4-1-10(17,18)9(8,3-12)6(14)5(4)13/h4-7H,1-3H2 | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Insecticide | |
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Organochloride insecticide; Organochlorine acaricide | |
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Synthetic | |
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A non-systemic contact and stomach insecticide. It acts on the neurons, causing an imbalance in sodium and potassium ions, similar to that of the cyclodiene insecticides. | |
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- | |
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8001-35-2 | |
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232-283-3 | |
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23 | |
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080501 | |
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58167 | |
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602-044-00-1 | |
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- | |
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None allocated | |
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No | |
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- | |
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413.96 | |
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- | |
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2,2,5,6-tetrachloro-1,7-bis(chloromethyl)-7-(dichloromethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane | |
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2,2,5-endo,6-exo,8,8,9,10-Octachlorobornane | |
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OSPAR soc; POP - regulated by Stockholm Convention; Severe Marine Pollutant; Rotterdam Convention (Class O) - subject to PIC regulations; PAN Bad Actor | |
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Yellow to amber waxy solid |
Formulations |
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3.0 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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4500000 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Benzene3 = Unverified data of known source |
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4500000 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Carbon tetrachloride3 = Unverified data of known source |
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4500000 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Xylene3 = Unverified data of known source |
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2800000 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Kerosene3 = Unverified data of known source |
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78 | V2 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Range 65-902 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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2.00 X 1003 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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3.3 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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Soluble | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Regulatory data - observed in metabolism and farm animal feeding studies | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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1.65 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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0.67 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low volatility. If applied directly to plants, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable | ||||||||
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6.08 X 10-01 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately volatile | ||||||||
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Degradation |
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365 | L1 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 1 = Estimated data with little or no verification |
Very persistent | |||||||
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9 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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Literature sources highly variable: DT₅₀ 2 months and 14 years; US sources: 9 days (DW3, US3); Field DT₅₀ 9 to 500 days (R3) | ||||||||||
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Stable | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Stable | |||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | F2 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Moderately mobile | |||||||
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295 | ||||||||||
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Literature range for log Koc = 2.47-5.00; Other sources: Koc 100000 mL g⁻¹ (US2) | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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1.46 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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76000 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
High potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not available | - |
Known soil metabolites |
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Known groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
None
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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50 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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> 15 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Anas platyrhynchos3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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0.144 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Apis mellifera3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | |||||||
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> 19.1 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Apis mellifera3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.216 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Megachile rotundata4 = Verified data |
High | |||||||
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Contact | ||||||||||
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0.0023 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Nomia melanderi4 = Verified data |
High | |||||||
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Contact | ||||||||||
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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0.0044 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Lepomis macrochirus4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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> 0.00005 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Ictalurus punctatus3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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0.0141 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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> 0.016 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.0021 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Americamysis bahia3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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> 0.38 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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50 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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Possible risk via food contamination | |||||||||
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Absorbed by the intact skin and from the gastrointestinal tract | ||||||||||
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Mainly eliminated in urine and faeces | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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IARC group 2B carcinogen; CLP data - suspected carcinogen; US NTP - suspected carcinogen; OSHA - anticipated human carcinogen; US EPA - probable human carcinogen Ingestion may be fatal May cause convulsions Potential kidney toxicant May cause allergic bronchopneumonia Endocrine issues - Increase of estrogen-sensitive cells proliferation |
Handling issues |
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Corrosive Not compatible with strongly alkaline pesticides IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1 |
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Health: H301, H312, H315, H335, H351 Environment: H400, H410 |
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Not classified: Obsolete (Not classified: Obsolete) | |||
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UN2996 | |||
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Packaging Group II (moderate danger) | |||
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camphechlor | ||
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bamphéchlore | ||
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Camphechlor | ||
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camphechlor, toxaphen | ||
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camfeclor | ||
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camfeclor | ||
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kamfechlor | ||
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toxafeen | ||
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Record last updated: | 29/08/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |