Amoxicillin |
Last updated: 02/05/2024 |
(Also known as: amoxycillin; amopen; amoxycillin trihydrate; p-hydroxyampicillin; AMC) |
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A broad spectrum semisynthetic a beta-lactam antibiotic / antimicrobial with applications in veterinary medicine | |
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Current | |
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1958, discovered; 1972, first medical use | |
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Mainly used to treat skin, respiratory, and urinary tract infections. | |
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Birds; Domestic fowl; Cats; Dogs; Pigs |
Approval status |
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Approved | |
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Approved |
Chemical structure |
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Isomeric | |
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C₁₆H₁₉N₃O₅S | |
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CC1(C(N2C(S1)C(C2=O)NC(=O)C(C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)N)C(=O)O)C | |
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CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)N)C(=O)O)C | |
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LSQZJLSUYDQPKJ-NJBDSQKTSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C16H19N3O5S/c1-16(2)11(15(23)24)19-13(22)10(14(19)25-16)18-12(21)9(17)7-3-5-8(20)6-4-7/h3-6,9-11,14,20H,17H2,1-2H3,(H,18,21)(H,23,24)/t9-,10-,11+,14-/m1/s1 | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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Sodium salt | Variant |
General status |
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Antibacterial, Antibiotic, Medicinal drug | |
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Penicillin related substance | |
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Semi-synthetic | |
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Inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell walls | |
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[Penicillin-binding proteins 1A/1B, Antagonist] | |
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26787-78-0 | |
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248-003-8 | |
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33613 | |
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Antiinfectants for systemic use: Antibacterials for systemic use; Genito urinary system & sex hormones: Antiinfectants & antiseptics for intrautarine use | |
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QJ01CR02; QG51AX01 | |
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No | |
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Allowed substance (Table 1: All food producing species) | |
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365.40 | |
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- | |
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(2S,5R,6R)- 6-([(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-acetyl]amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid | |
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D-(-)-6-(2-amino-2-phenylacetamido)-3,3-dimethyl-7 -oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane-2-carboxylic acid | |
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White crystalline solid |
Formulations |
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Amoxicure 30% powder for oral solution | Oropharma N.V. | UK National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | ||||||
Amoxypen Suspension for injection | MSD Animal Health UK Ltd | UK National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | |||||||
Cladaxxa Chewable tablets | Zoetis UK Ltd | UK National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | |||||||
Betamox suspension for injection | Norbook Labs Ld | UK National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | |||||||
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Usually formulated as tablets or soluble powders to add to drinking water or feed |
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4000 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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7500 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Methanol3 = Unverified data of known source |
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3400 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Ethanol3 = Unverified data of known source |
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202.7 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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7.41 X 1000 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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0.87 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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1.401 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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1.58 X 10-13 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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In ethanol: 230nm = 10850, 274nm = 1400 In acid: 229nm = 9500, 272nm = 1080 |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Substance may enter the environment via the urine of treated animals or by spilt product |
Degradation |
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1.74 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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General literature gives DT₅₀ 0.16-0.29 days, very rapid; ECHA data 1.74 days | ||||||||||
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4 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Manure4 = Verified data |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
Slightly mobile | |||||||
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866 | ||||||||||
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Other data: EPI Suite 108.4 L/kg | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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0.26 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Known metabolites |
None
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 15000 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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> 300 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Oncorhynchus mykiss4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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132.4 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Danio rerio Embryo 2 day3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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101.6 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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> 1000 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Lemna gibba LOEC3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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0.037 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Microcystis aeruginosa3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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250 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Selenastrum capricornutum3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 15000 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 2870 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Subcutaneous LD₅₀ > 8000 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Rapidly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, whilst some is metabolised, it is rapidly mostly unchanged in the urine | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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Health issues |
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May cause vomiting, rashes and antibiotic-associated colitis May cause allergic or asthmatic symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled |
Handling issues |
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Not regulated under IMDG | |||
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Health: H317, H334 | |||
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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amoxicillin | ||
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amoxicilline | ||
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amoxicilina | ||
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Record last updated: | 02/05/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |