Chlorhexidine |
Last updated: 25/01/2024 |
(Also known as: chlorohexidine) |
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Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic, antibacterial agent and disinfectant active against both gram-positive and gram-negative microbes. It is usually formulated as the gluconate. | |
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Current | |
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1953, introduced UK | |
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Used mainly as a topical disinfectant cleanser for skin wounds and for ear and gum infections. It is also used to sterilize veterinary surgeries. | |
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Cattle; Cats; Dogs |
Approval status |
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Approved | |
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Approved |
Chemical structure |
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Isomeric | |
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C₂₂H₃₀Cl₂N₁₀ | |
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C1=CC(=CC=C1NC(=NC(=NCCCCCCN=C(N)N=C(N)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)N)N)Cl | |
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C1=CC(=CC=C1N/C(=N/C(=NCCCCCCN=C(/N=C(/NC2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)\N)N)N)/N)Cl | |
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GHXZTYHSJHQHIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C22H30Cl2N10/c23-15-5-9-17(10-6-15)31-21(27)33-19(25)29-13-3-1-2-4-14-30-20(26)34-22(28)32-18-11-7-16(24)8-12-18/h5-12H,1-4,13-14H2,(H5,25,27,29,31,33)(H5,26,28,30,32,34) | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Antiseptic, Bactericide, Antimicrobial | |
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Unclassified substance | |
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Synthetic | |
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Disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane and causes the leakage of intracellular components of the organisms. | |
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[Bacterial outer cell wall] | |
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55-56-1 | |
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200-238-7 | |
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9552079 | |
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Dermatogiocals: Antiseptics and disinfectants | |
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QD08AC52 | |
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No | |
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Allowed substance (Table 1: All food producing species) | |
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505.45 | |
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(1E)-2-[6-[[amino-[(E)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]guanidine | |
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1,6-bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanidino)hexane | |
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Colourless to pale yellow crystalline solid | |
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Formulations |
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Formulated as the gluconate for topical use as shampoos, dips and sprays |
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800 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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134 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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1.20 X 1000 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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0.08 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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1.07 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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10.78 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) at 25 °C3 = Unverified data of known source |
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2.64 X 10-09 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) as acetate3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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1.25e-25 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) as acetate3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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Degradation |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Non-mobile | |||||||
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31600 | ||||||||||
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Literature estimate | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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Known metabolites |
None
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 1800 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Mouse as the digluconate3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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> 1.4 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Danio rerio3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 0.06 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Daphnia magna as acetate3 = Unverified data of known source |
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 1800 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Mouse as the digluconate3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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500 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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> 2.03 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Subcutaneous LD₅₀ = 1000 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 60 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Excretion is primarily through the faeces (~ 90%). Also found in breast milk. | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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No further information available |
Handling issues |
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May decompose on heating emiting dangerous gaseous substances - halogenated compounds, oxides of nitrogen IMDG Transport Hazard Class 9 |
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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UN3077 | |||
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Packaging Group III (minor danger) | |||
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chlorhexidine | ||
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clorhexidina | ||
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Record last updated: | 25/01/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |