Diclazuril |
Last updated: 25/01/2024 |
(Also known as: dyclazuril) |
|
|
A systemic, triazinone antiprotozoal and anticoccidial veterinary drug | |
---|---|---|
|
Current | |
|
circa 1995, introduced | |
|
Used both as a treatment and as a preventative for infections caused by Isospora spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Eimeria spp.It has also been used for treating coccidiosis. | |
|
Sheep; Poultry; Rabbits; Horses; Cattle |
Approval status |
|
Approved | |
---|---|---|
|
Approved |
Chemical structure |
|
- | |
---|---|---|
|
C₁₇H₉Cl₃N₄O₂ | |
|
C1=CC(=CC=C1C(C#N)C2=C(C=C(C=C2Cl)N3C(=O)NC(=O)C=N3)Cl)Cl | |
|
No data | |
|
ZSZFUDFOPOMEET-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
|
InChI=1S/C17H9Cl3N4O2/c18-10-3-1-9(2-4-10)12(7-21)16-13(19)5-11(6-14(16)20)24-17(26)23-15(25)8-22-24/h1-6,8,12H,(H,23,25,26) | |
|
Yes |
General status |
|
Coccidiostat, Antiparasitic, Antiprotozoal agent, Feed additive | |
---|---|---|
|
Benzeneacetonitrile derivative | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
Synthetic | |
|
Unclear but blocks the excretion of oocysts inducing an interruption of the life cycle of the parasites | |
|
- | |
|
101831-37-2 | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
Antiparasitic products, insecticides & repellents: Antiprotozoals | |
|
QP51AJ03 | |
|
No | |
|
Allowed substance (Table 1: Ruminants, Porcine) | |
|
407.64 | |
|
- | |
|
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[2,6-dichloro-4-(3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazin-2-yl)phenyl]acetonitrile | |
|
2,6-dichloro-a-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4,5-dihydro-3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazin-2(3H)-yl)benzeneacetonitrile | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
- |
Formulations |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Cocci-Drench Oral Suspension | MSD Animal Health UK Ltd | UK National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by suitably qualified person (POM-VPS) | ||||||
Coxicert Oral Suspension | Chanelle Pharmaceuticals Manufacturing Ltd | GB National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by suitably qualified person (POM-VPS) | |||||||
Vecoxan Oral Suspension | MSD Animal Health UK Ltd | UK National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by suitably qualified person (POM-VPS) | |||||||
|
Supplied as oral solutions and drenches |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
0.01 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
295 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
- | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
3.47 X 1004 | Calculated | - | |||||||
|
4.54 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
5.92 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
- | ||||||||
- | |||||||||||
|
0.078 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
Low volatility | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- |
Degradation |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
205 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
Persistent | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
Literature states DT₅₀: 303 days in sandy loam, 183 days loam and 130 days on silt loam. | ||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
|
Stable | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
Stable | |||||||
|
Stable in pH 5 to 9 but rapidly hydrolyzed above pH 9 | ||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
|
- |
Soil adsorption and mobility |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
1012 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
Literature values give Kd 204-1824 mL g⁻¹ | ||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- |
Fate indices |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
- | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
- | - |
Known soil and groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
|
|
|
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4-amino-2,6-dichloro-alpha–(4-chlorophenyl) | - | Animal | - |
|
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
> 5000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | |||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
> 2150 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Anas platyrhynchos4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
> 1100 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Lumbricus terrestris NOEL3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
- | - | - | |||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
- | |||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
- | |||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - |
Aquatic ecotoxicology |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
0.58 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Lepomis macrochirus4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
> 0.63 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Daphnia magna3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
|
0.16 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
7.3 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Chironomus tentans4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
> 1.0 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - |
|
- | - | - |
|
General |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
|
> 5000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
2.24 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | |||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
Majority (>80%) is eliminated, as the unchanged parent, via the faeces and the remainder in the urine | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- |
Health issues |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Possible liver toxicant |
Handling issues |
|
|
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
No information available | |||
|
- | |||
|
Not listed (Not listed) | |||
|
- | |||
|
- | |||
|
- |
|
|
|
||
---|---|---|---|
|
diclazuril | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
diclazurilo | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
- |
Record last updated: | 25/01/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |