Cloxacillin |
Last updated: 23/02/2024 |
(Not known by any other names) |
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An antibiotic drug that is a chlorinated detivative of oxacillin | |
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Current | |
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Early 1960s, discovered | |
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Mainly used to treat many different types of infections caused by staphylococcus bacteria | |
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Cattle; Dogs; Cats; Horses; Sheep |
Approval status |
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Approved | |
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Appoved |
Chemical structure |
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Isomeric | |
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C₁₉H₁₈ClN₃O₅S | |
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CC1=C(C(=NO1)C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C(=O)NC3C4N(C3=O)C(C(S4)(C)C)C(=O)O | |
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CC1=C(C(=NO1)C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C(=O)N[C@H]3[C@@H]4N(C3=O)[C@H](C(S4)(C)C)C(=O)O | |
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LQOLIRLGBULYKD-JKIFEVAISA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C19H18ClN3O5S/c1-8-11(12(22-28-8)9-6-4-5-7-10(9)20)15(24)21-13-16(25)23-14(18(26)27)19(2,3)29-17(13)23/h4-7,13-14,17H,1-3H3,(H,21,24)(H,26,27)/t13-,14+,17-/m1/s1 | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Antibiotic, Antibacterial, Medicinal drug | |
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Isoxazolyl-penicillin | |
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Semi-synthetic | |
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Interferes with the last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis | |
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[Penicillin-binding proteins 1A/1B, Antagonist], [Beta-lactamase, Agonist], [Penicillin-binding protein 2a, Antagonist], [Penicillin-binding protein 2B, Antagonist], [Penicillin-binding protein 3, Antagonist], [Penicillin-binding protein 5, Antagonist] | |
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61-72-3 | |
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200-514-7 | |
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6098 | |
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Antiinfectants for systemic use: Antibacterials for intramammary use; Sensory organs: Ophthalmologicals | |
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QJ51CF02; QS01AA90 | |
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No | |
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Allowed substance (Table 1: All food producing species) | |
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435.88 | |
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(2S,5R,6R)-6-[[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid | |
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6-(3-(o-Chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxamido)penicillanic acid | |
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White crystalline powder |
Formulations |
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Bovaclox DC Intramammary Suspension | Norbrook Labs | UK National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | ||||||
Kloxerate Gold Intramammary Suspension | Zoetis UK Ltd | UK National authorisation (IC) | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | |||||||
Lactaclox Intramammary Infusion | Norbrook Labs | UK National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | |||||||
Permaway Intramammaryn Suspension | Vetoquinol UK Ltd | GB National authorisation (IC) | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | |||||||
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Available in a range of formulations including, for example, suspension solutions for intramammary injections, eye ointments |
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13.9 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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173 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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3.02 X 1002 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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2.48 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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2.78 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Degradation |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Fate indices |
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Known metabolites |
None
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 5000 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat as sodium salt4 = Verified data |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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23.4 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Green algae3 = Unverified data of known source |
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 5000 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat as sodium salt4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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Intravenous LDLo = 1680 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Human3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Intracerebral LD₅₀ = 8.1 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Mouse3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Around 50% of administered dose is rapidly (<6hrs) excreted in urine with additional losses via bile and faeces | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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May cause diarrhoea and abdominal cramps May cause allergic reaction May cause skin rashes and contact dermatitis |
Handling issues |
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No information available | |||
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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cloxacillin | ||
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cloxacilline | ||
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cloxacilina | ||
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Record last updated: | 23/02/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |