Flavomycin |
Last updated: 23/02/2024 |
(Also known as: flavomicin; bambermycins; flavophospholipol; moenomycin A; BAM) |
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An antibiotic drug effective against gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria and used as a performance enhancing substance | |
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circa 1970, first registered in USA | |
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Used to promote increased weight gain and improved feed efficiency in a range of farmed animals | |
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Pigs; Poultry; Cattle; Rabbits; Aquatic species |
Approval status |
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Not approved | |
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Not approved |
Chemical structure |
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Isomeric | |
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C₆₉H₁₀₇N₄O₃₅P | |
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CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)NC(=O)C)OC3C(C(C(OC3OP(=O)(O)OCC(C(=O)OCCC=C(C)CCC=CC(C)(C)CCC(=C)CC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C)O)C(=O)O)(C)O)OC(=O)N)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)NC(=O)C)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)C(=O)NC6=C(CCC6=O)O)O)O)O | |
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C[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)NC(=O)C)O[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@]([C@H](O[C@@H]3OP(=O)(O)OC[C@H](C(=O)OCC/C=C(\C)/CC/C=C/C(C)(C)CCC(=C)C/C=C(\C)/CCC=C(C)C)O)C(=O)O)(C)O)OC(=O)N)CO[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)NC(=O)C)O)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O5)C(=O)NC6=C(CCC6=O)O)O)O)O | |
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FUIOWSNNCWZETH-NAMXWVJMSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C70H109N4O35P/c1-31(2)16-14-18-33(4)20-21-34(5)24-26-69(9,10)25-13-12-17-32(3)19-15-27-97-62(92)40(80)29-99-110(95,96)109-67-57(58(108-68(71)93)70(11,94)59(107-67)61(90)91)106-64-45(73-37(8)77)48(83)55(42(102-64)30-98-65-52(87)49(84)46(81)41(28-75)101-65)104-63-44(72-36(7)76)47(82)54(35(6)100-63)103-66-53(88)50(85)51(86)56(105-66)60(89)74-43-38(78)22-23-39(43)79/h13,16,19-20,25,35,40-42,44-59,63-67,75,78,80-88,94H,5,12,14-15,17-18,21-24,26-30H2,1-4,6-11H3,(H2,71,93)(H,72,76)(H,73,77)(H,74,89)(H,90,91)(H,95,96)/b25-13+,32-19+,33-20+/t35-,40-,41-,42-,44-,45-,46-,47-,48-,49+,50+,51-,52-,53-,54-,55-,56+,57-,58-,59-,63+,64+,65-,66-,67-,70+/m1/s1 | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Antibiotic, Antibacterial, Antimicrobial, Performance enhancer, Feed additive | |
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Phosphoglycolipid | |
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Natural | |
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Broad spectrum, inhibits microorganism reproduction by intervening in the biosynthesis of murein, the structural substance of their cell walls. | |
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[Peptidoglycan synthetase ftsI, Antagonist] | |
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11015-37-5 | |
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234-246-7 | |
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None allocated | |
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No | |
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1583.57 | |
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(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(2-hydroxy-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)carbamoyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-carbamoyloxy-3-hydroxy-6-[hydroxy-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-oxo-3-[(3E,7E,14E)-4,9,9,15,19-pentamethyl-12-methylideneicosa-3,7,14,18-tetraenoxy]propoxy]phosphoryl]oxy-3-methyloxane-2-carboxylic acid | |
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Evidence of use in third world countries | |
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White to light brown coloured powder |
Formulations |
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Flavomycin 40 | Huvepharma | Not licensed | Not licensed | ||||||
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Often formulated as medicated pre-mix feed |
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250000 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets at 25 °C4 = Verified data |
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64000 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Methanol4 = Verified data |
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500 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Ethanol4 = Verified data |
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100 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Acetone4 = Verified data |
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100 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Benzene4 = Verified data |
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1.91 X 10-12 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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-11.72 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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The primary manner in which flavomycin could be introduced into the environment is through cattle manure either directly deposited or via spreading to land |
Degradation |
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21 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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21 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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DT₅₀ range 13.3 to 28.0 days, n=4; Other data DT₅₀ <30 days (R4) | ||||||||||
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<30 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Manure data for aminoglycosides generally; Other data <25 days soil & chicken manure (R3)3 = Unverified data of known source |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Fate indices |
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Known metabolites |
None
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 2000 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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> 25000 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Eisenia foetida as product (8%)3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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598 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Leuciscus idus as product (8%)3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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250 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Leuciscus idus as product (8%)3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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908 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Daphnia magna as product (8%)3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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433 | E2 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Daphnia magna. as product (8%)2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Low | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 2000 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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Subcutaneous LD₅₀ = 500 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Mouse3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Intravenous LD₅₀ = 200 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Mouse3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Mostly unmetabolised and excreted unchanged in the faeces | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 4 = Verified data |
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Health issues |
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No further information available |
Handling issues |
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Risk of dust explosions | |||
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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flavomycin | ||
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bambermycine | ||
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bambermicina | ||
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Record last updated: | 23/02/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |