Azaperone |
Last updated: 26/04/2024 |
(Also known as: fluoperidol; stresnil) |
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Azaperone is a pyridinylpiperazine and butyrophenone agent that is capable of eliciting neuroleptic sedative and antiemetic effects | |
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Current | |
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1983, first approved in USA | |
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Used mainly as a veterinary tranquilizer and to control aggressiveness | |
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Pigs; Elephants |
Approval status |
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Approved | |
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Approved |
Chemical structure |
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- | |
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C₁₉H₂₂FN₃O | |
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C1CN(CCN1CCCC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)C3=CC=CC=N3 | |
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No data | |
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XTKDAFGWCDAMPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C19H22FN3O/c20-17-8-6-16(7-9-17)18(24)4-3-11-22-12-14-23(15-13-22)19-5-1-2-10-21-19/h1-2,5-10H,3-4,11-15H2 | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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azaperone | - |
General status |
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Sedative, Anesthetic, Tranquiliser, Medicinal drug | |
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Pyridinylpiperazine | |
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Synthetic | |
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A dopamine antagonist producing a strong anticholinergic effect | |
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[D(2) dopamine receptor, Antagonist] | |
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1649-18-9 | |
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216-715-8 | |
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Nervous system: Anesthetics; Psycholeptics | |
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QN01AX91, QN05AD90 | |
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No | |
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Allowed substance (Table 1: Porcine) | |
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327.40 | |
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1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)butan-1-one | |
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4'-fluoro-4-(4-(2-pyridyl)-1-piperazinyl)butyrophenone | |
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White to yellowish-white crystalline powder |
Formulations |
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Azaporc Solution for Injection for Pigs | Serumwerk Bernburg AG | GB National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | ||||||
Sedanol solution for injections for pigs | Vetviva Richter GmbH | GB National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | |||||||
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Formulated as a solution for injection and administered intramuscularly |
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50 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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500 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Octanol3 = Unverified data of known source |
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2200 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Hexane3 = Unverified data of known source |
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34100 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Ethanol3 = Unverified data of known source |
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128300 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Ethyl acetate3 = Unverified data of known source |
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92 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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2.00 X 1003 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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3.3 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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7.5 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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pKa(2) = 4.3 | |||||||||||
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Max at 243nm and 312nm | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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Degradation |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Fate indices |
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Known metabolites |
None
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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245 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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245 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Subcutaneous LD₅₀ = 450 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Intravenous LD₅₀ = 25 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Extensively metabolised and extreted in the urine (20-25%) and faeces (60-80%) | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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Health issues |
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May cause hypotension & behavioural problems Possible respiratory depressant Possible liver, heart and kidney toxicant |
Handling issues |
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IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1 | |||
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Health: H301, H311, H336 | |||
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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UN2811 | |||
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Packaging Group III (minor danger) | |||
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azaperone | ||
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azaperona | ||
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Record last updated: | 26/04/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |