Clenbuterol |
Last updated: 18/05/2024 |
(Also known as: clen; angel dust; clenbuteroleum) |
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A non-steroidal medication veterinary drug, usually used as the hydrochloride, which possesses some properties similar to those of anabolic steroids. | |
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Current | |
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Late 1970s, developed in Germany | |
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Substance is used as a decongestant and bronchodilator to treat breathing disorders and as a smooth muscle relaxant. It is also used for increasing muscle mass. | |
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Horses; Cattle |
Approval status |
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Approved | |
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Approved |
Chemical structure |
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C₁₂H₁₈Cl₂N₂O | |
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CC(C)(C)NCC(C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)Cl)N)Cl)O | |
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STJMRWALKKWQGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C12H18Cl2N2O/c1-12(2,3)16-6-10(17)7-4-8(13)11(15)9(14)5-7/h4-5,10,16-17H,6,15H2,1-3H3 | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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clenbuterol | - | |
S-clenbuterol | Isomer | |
R-clenbuterol | Isomer |
General status |
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Muscle relaxant, Bronchodilator agent, Thermogenic drug, Medicinal drug | |
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Amine | |
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Synthetic | |
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Steroid like action, induces activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. A beta-2 selective adrenergic agonist | |
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[Beta-2 adrenergic receptor, Agonist], [Beta-1 adrenergic receptor, Agonist], [Beta-3 adrenergic receptor, Agonist], [Beta-nerve growth factor, stimulator], [Tumor necrosis factor] | |
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37148-27-9 | |
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253-366-0 | |
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Genito urinary system & sex hormones: Other gynecologicals; Respiratory system: Drugs for obstructive airway diseases | |
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QG02CA91; QR03CC13 | |
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UK: Class C, Schedule 4 Pt2 | |
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Allowed substance (Table 1: Bovine, Equidae) | |
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277.19 | |
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(RS)-1-(4-amino-3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(tert-butylamino)ethanol | |
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1-(4-amino-3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(tert-butylamino)ethan-1-ol | |
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White to pale yellow crystalline powder | |
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Formulations |
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Available in a variety of formulations, usually as the hydrochloride salt, including syrups, granules and solutions for injection |
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112 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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8.71 X 1002 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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2.94 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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17.84 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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73.38 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Degradation |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Fate indices |
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Known soil metabolites |
None
Known groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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159 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Rat as HCl salt3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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159 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Rat as HCl salt3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Intravenous LD₅₀ = 27.6 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Mouse3 = Unverified data of known source |
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May be absorbed through the skin | ||||||||||
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Major fraction of the drug is excreted into the urine | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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Very toxic Possible liver and cardiovascular toxicant May cause muscle tremor, headache, dizziness and gastric irritation May cause hypotension |
Handling issues |
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IMDG Transport Hazard Class 9 | |||
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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UN2811 | |||
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Packaging Group II (moderate danger) | |||
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clenbuterol | ||
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Record last updated: | 18/05/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |