Lidocaine |
Last updated: 24/07/2024 |
(Also known as: lignocaine; xylestesin) |
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A potent local anesthetic drug commonly used in veterinary medicine. Often formulated using the hydrochloride. | |
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Current | |
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1943, first synthesised | |
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Used as a topical and local anesthetic as well as for the treatment of abnormal heart rhythms or cardiac arrhythmia | |
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Cats; Dogs; Cattle; Horses; Sheep; Pigs |
Approval status |
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Approved | |
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Approved |
Chemical structure |
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C₁₄H₂₂N₂O | |
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CCN(CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C=CC=C1C)C | |
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NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C14H22N2O/c1-5-16(6-2)10-13(17)15-14-11(3)8-7-9-12(14)4/h7-9H,5-6,10H2,1-4H3,(H,15,17) | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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lidocaine | - |
General status |
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Anaesthetic, Medicinal drug | |
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Unclassified substance | |
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Synthetic | |
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Sodium channel modulator. | |
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[Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha, Antagonist], [Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha, Antagonist], [Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha, Antagonist], [Epidermal growth factor receptor, Antagonist] | |
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137-58-6 | |
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205-302-8 | |
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Nervous system: Anaesthetic; Dermatologicals: Antiseptics & disinfectants | |
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QN01BB52; QD08AE99 | |
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No | |
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Allowed substance (Table 1: Equidae) | |
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234.34 | |
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2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide | |
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N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N2,N2-diethylglycinamide | |
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White to slightly yellow coloured crystalline powder | |
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Formulations |
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Ekyflogyl Gel | Audevard | UK National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | ||||||
Trisolfen Cutneous Spray | Dechra Ltd | UK National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | |||||||
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Available in a variety of formulations including solutions for injection, throat sprays and dermal oinments, gels and creams |
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680 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) at 25 °C3 = Unverified data of known source |
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68.5 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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181 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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2.75 X 1002 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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2.44 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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8.05 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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0.144 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low volatility. If applied directly to plants, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable | ||||||||
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Degradation |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Fate indices |
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Low risk | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Based on LogP < 33 = Unverified data of known source |
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Known soil and groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
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monoethylglycinexylidide Note: Pharmacologically active |
MEGX | Human (Liver) | - | ||||
N,N-diethylglycine-3-hydroxy-2,6,xylidide Note: Pharmacologically active |
glycine xylidide | Human (Liver); Rat | - | ||||
4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylaniline | - | Human | - |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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317 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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106 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Danio rerio4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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106 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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780 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Pseudokirchinella subcapitata4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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317 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Subcutaneous LD₅₀ = 335 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 133 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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In humans & dogs, rapidly metabolised in the liver & around 75-95% eliminated in the urine as metabolites. Some is also found distributed in breast milk. | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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May cause hypotension or cardiac suppression May cause nausea and vomiting Possible liver toxicant |
Handling issues |
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No information available | |||
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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lidocaine | ||
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xilocaina | ||
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lidocaina | ||
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Record last updated: | 24/07/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |