Monensin A |
Last updated: 23/02/2024 |
(Also known as: monensic acid) |
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A broad spectrum ionophone veterinary antibotic isolated from Streptomyces cinnamonensis and usually used as the sodium salt of monensin factor A. S. cinnamonensis produces monensin A and monensin B that differ only in the side chain at C-16. | |
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Current | |
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1979, first synthesised; mid-1980s, registered for vet use USA | |
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Used as a coccidiostat drug as well as a growth promotor | |
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Poultry; Cattle; Goats |
Approval status |
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Approved | |
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Approved |
Chemical structure |
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C₃₆H₆₂O₁₁ | |
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CCC1(CCC(O1)C2(CCC3(O2)CC(C(C(O3)C(C)C(C(C)C(=O)O)OC)C)O)C)C4C(CC(O4)C5C(CC(C(O5)(CO)O)C)C)C | |
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CC[C@]1(CC[C@@H](O1)[C@]2(CC[C@@]3(O2)C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)C(=O)O)OC)C)O)C)[C@@H]4[C@@H](C[C@H](O4)[C@@H]5[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@](O5)(CO)O)C)C)C | |
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GAOZTHIDHYLHMS-GDMSFIFLSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C36H62O11/c1-10-34(31-20(3)16-26(43-31)28-19(2)15-21(4)36(41,18-37)46-28)12-11-27(44-34)33(8)13-14-35(47-33)17-25(38)22(5)30(45-35)23(6)29(42-9)24(7)32(39)40/h19-31,37-38,41H,10-18H2,1-9H3,(H,39,40)/t19-,20+,21+,22+,23+,24+,25-,26-,27+,28-,29-,30-,31-,33+,34-,35+,36-/m0/s1 | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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Monensin monohydrate | Hydrate |
General status |
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Antibiotic, Antibacterial, Coccidiostat, Feed additive, Growth promotor | |
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Polyether (ionophore) | |
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Natural | |
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A protein transport inhibitor | |
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[Intracellular protein transport, Blocker] | |
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17090-79-8 | |
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241-154-0 | |
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Antiparasitic products, insecticides & repellents: Antiprotozoals | |
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QP51AH03 | |
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No | |
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Allowed substance (Table 1: Bovine) | |
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670.87 | |
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- | |
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4-[2-[5-ethyl-5-[5-[6-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-oxan-2-yl]-3-methyl-oxolan-2-yl]oxolan-2-yl]- 9-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-1,6-dioxasp iro[4.5]dec-7-yl]-3-methoxy-2-methyl-pentanoic acid | |
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White crystalline solid | |
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Formulations |
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Kexxtone Continuous-Release Intraruminal Device | Elanco GmbH | GB National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | ||||||
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Available as continuous-release intraruminal devices |
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4.8 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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104 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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5.75 X 1002 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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2.76 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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6.65 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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4.27 X 10-18 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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Monensin is found in turkey excreta and so may be introduced into soil by use of turkey litter as a soil amendment. Monensin is extensively metabolied by cattle |
Degradation |
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7.4 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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General literature: 1ppm soil conc, only trace remained after 20 days (R4) | ||||||||||
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5.8 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Soil & cattle manure3 = Unverified data of known source |
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43 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Stable | |||||||
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Stable | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Stable | |||||||
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Stable at all relevant environmental pH values | ||||||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Fate indices |
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Known soil and groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
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monensin methyl ester | MME | - | - | ||||
monensin decyl ester | MDE | - | - |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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100 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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264.2 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Eisenia foetida3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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10 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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9.8 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Radish3 = Unverified data of known source Seedlking emergence, LC₅₀ as mg kg⁻¹ |
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24.1 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Mung bean3 = Unverified data of known source Seedling emergence, LC₅₀ as mg kg⁻¹; EC₅₀ growth=32.9 mg kg⁻¹ |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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9 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Oncorhynchus mykiss as sodium salt4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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10.7 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Daphnia magna as sodium salt4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.98 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata Biomass3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.055 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata Biomass3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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100 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 15 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Excreted rapidly in the faeces and urine | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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May cause pulmonary edema May cause gastroinstinal and renal function problems Possible cardiac, thyroid, kidney and adrenal toxicant |
Handling issues |
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When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke & irritating fumes | |||
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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UN2811 | |||
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monensin A | ||
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monensina | ||
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Record last updated: | 23/02/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |