Bacitracin |
Last updated: 20/03/2024 |
(Not known by any other names) |
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A broad spectrum complex polypeptide antibiotic used primarily against gram-positive infections often in combination with other antibacterial compounds such as tetracyclin or prednisolone | |
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Considered obsolete but may be available in some countries | |
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1945, isolated | |
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Used to treart mastitis in lactating cows. Sometimes used as a growth promotor but now banned in many countries. | |
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Meat poultry; Pigs; Sheep; Cattle; Rabbits |
Approval status |
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Not approved | |
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Not approved |
Chemical structure |
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Isomeric | |
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C₆₆H₁₀₃N₁₇O₁₆S | |
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CCC(C)C1C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NCCCCC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)N1)CCCN)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C2CSC(=N2)C(C(C)CC)N)CC(=O)N)CC(=O)O)CC3=CN=CN3)CC4=CC=CC=C4 | |
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CC[C@H](C)[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N1)CCCN)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)NC(=O)[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]2CSC(=N2)[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)N)CC(=O)N)CC(=O)O)CC3=CN=CN3)CC4=CC=CC=C4 | |
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CLKOFPXJLQSYAH-KWOGWQNJSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C66H103N17O16S/c1-9-35(6)52(69)66-81-48(32-100-66)63(97)76-43(26-34(4)5)59(93)74-42(22-23-50(85)86)58(92)83-53(36(7)10-2)64(98)75-40-20-15-16-25-71-55(89)46(29-49(68)84)78-62(96)47(30-51(87)88)79-61(95)45(28-39-31-70-33-72-39)77-60(94)44(27-38-18-13-12-14-19-38)80-65(99)54(37(8)11-3)82-57(91)41(21-17-24-67)73-56(40)90/h12-14,18-19,31,33-37,40-48,52-54H,9-11,15-17,20-30,32,67,69H2,1-8H3,(H2,68,84)(H,70,72)(H,71,89)(H,73,90)(H,74,93)(H,75,98)(H,76,97)(H,77,94)(H,78,96)(H,79,95)(H,80,99)(H,82,91)(H,83,92)(H,85,86)(H,87,88)/t35-,36-,37-,40-,41+,42+,43-,44+,45-,46-,47+,48-,52-,53-,54+/m0/s1 | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Antibiotic, Antibacterial, Antimicrobial, Medicated feed additive, Growth promotor | |
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Polypeptide complex | |
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Natural | |
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Inhibits the biosynthesis of bacterium cell wall | |
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[C55-isoprenyl pyrophosphate, Antagonist], [Insulin-degrading enzyme, Antagonist]; [Alpha-2-macroglobulin, Antagonist] | |
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1405-87-4 | |
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215-786-2 | |
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Alimentary tract & metabolism: Intestinal anti-infective | |
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QA07AA93 | |
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No | |
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Allowed substance (Table 1: Bovine, Rabbit) | |
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1422.69 | |
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- | |
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(4R)-4-[(2S)-2-({2-[(1S)-1-amino-2-methylbutyl]- 4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl}formamido)-4-methylpentanamido]-4-{[(1S)- 1-{[(3S,6R,9S,12R,15S,18R,21S)- 18-(3-aminopropyl)-12-benzyl-15-(butan-2-yl)-3-(carbamoylmethyl)- 6-(carboxymethyl)-9-(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20- heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptaazacyclopentacosan-21-yl]carbamoyl}- 2-methylbutyl]carbamoyl}butanoic acid | |
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Banned in EU as growth promotor; Not approved as feed additive in EU | |
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A hygroscopic solid which is white to yellow-brown in colour depending on purity | |
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Formulations |
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Usually formulated as a medicated feed premix |
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750000 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Ethanol3 = Unverified data of known source |
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223 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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Decomposes before boiling | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1.58 X 10-01 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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-0.8 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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Substance may enter the environment via the urine of treated animals or by leaching from spilt medicated feed. |
Degradation |
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17 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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General literature DT₅₀ range 12-22.5 days | ||||||||||
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22.5 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Soil & chicken manure at 20 °C4 = Verified data |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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108 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Sandy soils Kd range 5.8-8.0 mL g⁻¹, Clay soils Kd rage 169-250 mL g⁻¹ | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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Low risk | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Based on LogP < 33 = Unverified data of known source |
Low risk | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Known soil and groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
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desamidobasitracin | - | Chickens; Pigs | - |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 3751 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Mouse4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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> 316 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Colinus virginianus3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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> 4.0 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Salmo gairdneri4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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30.5 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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5 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Daphnia magna3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 3751 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Mouse4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 190 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Subcutaneous LD₅₀ = 1300 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Mouse3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Poisonous by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes | ||||||||||
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Some slight metabolism. Almost all of dose given orally is excreted in the urine within 24 hr. | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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May cause contact dermititis or skin sensitisation May cause gastrointestinal problems May cause delayed hypersensitivity |
Handling issues |
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Hygroscopic | |||
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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Not regulated | |||
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Protect from light. Store <8 DegC |
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bacitracin | ||
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bacitracine | ||
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bacitracina | ||
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Record last updated: | 20/03/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |