Carbadox |
Last updated: 12/01/2024 |
(Not known by any other names) |
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A drug used to treat gram-negative bacterial infections | |
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Considered obsolete but may be available in some countries | |
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Used for improved productivity - increased rate of weight gain and improved feed efficiency. Also has therapeutic applications, for example, to control swine dysentery and bacterial swine enteritis. | |
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Pigs; Cattle |
Approval status |
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Not approved | |
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Not approved |
Chemical structure |
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Isomeric | |
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C₁₁H₁₀N₄O₄ | |
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COC(=O)NN=CC1=[N+](C2=CC=CC=C2[N+](=C1)[O-])[O-] | |
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COC(=O)N/N=C/C1=[N+](C2=CC=CC=C2[N+](=C1)[O-])[O-] | |
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OVGGLBAWFMIPPY-WUXMJOGZSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C11H10N4O4/c1-19-11(16)13-12-6-8-7-14(17)9-4-2-3-5-10(9)15(8)18/h2-7H,1H3,(H,13,16)/b12-6+ | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Antibacterial, Antimicrobial, Medicinal drug, Growth promotor, Feed additive | |
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Quinoxaline | |
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Synthetic | |
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Induces degeneration of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland | |
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6804-07-5 | |
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229-879-0 | |
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135511839 | |
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613-050-00-9 | |
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Antiinfectants for systemic use: Antibacterials for system use | |
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QJ01MQ | |
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No | |
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262.22 | |
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methyl N-[(E)-(1,4-dioxidoquinoxaline-1,4-diium-2-yl)methylideneamino]carbamate | |
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2-(methoxycarbonylhydrazonomethyl)quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide | |
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Banned in many countries as a growth promotor; Not approved as feed additive in EU; Evidence of use in third world countries; | |
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Yellow crystalline solid |
Formulations |
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15000 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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239 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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4.27 X 10-02 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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-1.37 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1.44 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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8.6 X 10-05 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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Degradation |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Fate indices |
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Low risk | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Based on LogP < 33 = Unverified data of known source |
Low risk | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Known soil and groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
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carbadoxaldehyde | - | Swine (plasma) | 0.130 | ||||
quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid | - | Swine (plasma) | 0.190 | ||||
hydrazine | - | Swine (plasma, urine) | - | ||||
desoxycarbadox | - | Swine (plasma) | 0.190 |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 50 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 50 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
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Rapidly absorbed through the skin | ||||||||||
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Metabolises and then eliminated in the urine | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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Possile adrenal & liver toxicant May cause photosensitisation Publish studies suggest substance is carcinogenic; CLP data - known carcinogen |
Handling issues |
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Flammable | |||
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Handling: H228 Health: H392, H350 |
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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carbadox | ||
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Record last updated: | 12/01/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |