Dichlorvos (Ref: OMS 14) |
Last updated: 24/08/2024 |
(Also known as: DDVP; dichlorfos; DDVF; denkavepon; vapona) |
SUMMARY |
Dichlorvos is an organophosphate fumigant insecticide. It has a high aqueous solubility, quite volatile and, based on its chemical properties, is unlikely to leach to groundwater. It is not usually persistent in soils or water. It is highly toxic to mammals and has a high tendency to bioaccumulate. Dichlorvos is also a probable mutagen, a neurotoxin and may damage reproduction and/or development. It is considered to be an acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor. It has a moderate to high toxicity to most biodiversity including honeybees. |
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A contact and fumigant insecticide used in a range of crop and non-crop situations. Can also be a pesticide transformation product | |
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Current | |
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1959, introduced | |
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Approval status |
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Chemical structure |
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None | |
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C₄H₇C₁₂O₄P | |
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COP(=O)(OC)OC=C(Cl)Cl | |
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O=P(O\C=C(/Cl)Cl)(OC)OC | |
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OEBRKCOSUFCWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C4H7Cl2O4P/c1-8-11(7,9-2)10-3-4(5)6/h3H,1-2H3 | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Soil | |
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Organophosphate insectcide; Organophosphate acaricide | |
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950 g kg⁻¹ | |
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EU dossier - Chloral (trichloroacetaldehyde) 5 g kg⁻¹ | |
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Synthetic | |
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Respiratory, contact and stomach action. Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitor. | |
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[Cholinesterase, Inhibitor] | |
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62-73-7 | |
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200-547-7 | |
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11 | |
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084001 | |
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3039 | |
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015-019-00-X | |
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- | |
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220.98 | |
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2,2-dichloroethenyl dimethyl phosphate | |
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2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate | |
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2,2-dichloroethenyl dimethyl phosphate | |
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Severe Marine Pollutant; Evidence of use in third world countries; Chemical subject to PIC regulations; Subject to the provisions of the UK Poisons Act 1972 | |
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UK Statutory standard for the protection of aquatic life in inland waters: 0.001 µg l⁻¹ as annual average UK Statutory standard for the protection of aquatic life in coastal and territorial waters: 0.04 µg l⁻¹ as annual average |
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Pale yellow clear liquid |
Can be a metabolite of: |
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trichlorfon | Groundwater | - | Relevant | |||||
trichlorfon | Soil | 0.245 | Major fraction | |||||
naled | Soil | 0.165 | Major fraction |
Formulations |
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18000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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Miscible | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Ethanol5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Miscible | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Acetone5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Miscible | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Toluene5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Miscible | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) n-Hexane5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Decomposes before boiling | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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190 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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350 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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7.94 X 1001 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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1.9 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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1.42 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Not applicable | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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No dissociation | |||||||||||
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2100 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Highly volatile. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable | ||||||||
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2.58 X 10-02 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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Maxima at 204nm | A2 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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Degradation |
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2 | K4 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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2 | K4 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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Other sources: DT₅₀ 0.5 days (DW4), <1 day (R3) | ||||||||||
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4.7 | K3 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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0.22 | K4 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Fast | ||||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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[Wheat grain: 2 wks @ 30 DegC, 50% RH; Modelled data], [Dates (Khalal): 5.3 days @ 3 DegC; Lab study], [Dates (Khalal): 8.5 days @ 22 DegC; Lab study], [Dates (Khalal): 18 days @ 43 DegC; Lab study], [Corn grain: 1.8 days @ 20-25 DegC, 40-60% RH; Lab study] |
Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | H3 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database. Dataset is no longer available. 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Mobile | |||||||
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Fate indices |
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0.69 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Low risk | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Based on LogP < 35 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low risk | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Known soil and groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
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mercapturic acid | - | Rat (Urine) | - | ||||
methyl cystein | - | Rat (Urine) | - | ||||
urea | - | Rat (Urine) | - | ||||
diemethyl dichlorvos Note: Toxicologically relevant |
- | Rat | - | ||||
2,2-dichloroacetaldehyde Note: Toxicologically relevant |
- | Rat | - | ||||
2,2-dichloroacetic acid Note: Toxicologically relevant |
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dimethylphosphate | - | Rat (Urine) | - | ||||
dichloroethanol glucuronide | - | Rat (Urine) | - | ||||
hippuric acid | - | Rat (Urine) | - |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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80 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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0.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | |||||||
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24 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Colinus virginianus3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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251 ppm | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus4 = Verified data |
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76 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Eisenia foetida4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect |
A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Dose: 13.4 mg kg⁻¹ soil |
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0.46 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Apis mellifera3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | |||||||
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0.29 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Apis mellifera3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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0.55 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.11 | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Pimephales promelas 28 day2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 8.1 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Danio rerio Embryo3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.00019 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Daphnia magna3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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> 0.0001 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Ceriodaphnia dubia4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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0.019 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Americamysis bahia4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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52.8 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Scenedesmus subspicatus3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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4.73 | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Unknown species2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Low | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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80 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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120 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.083 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.00008 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Dog SF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.002 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat SF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.0005 | A2 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Dog SF=1002 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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List I; List II | - | - | ||||||||
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Low risk to Europeans as no longer approved for use | |||||||||
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Primary risk if re-entry occurs post application | ||||||||||
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Rapidly metabolised and excreted in the urine | G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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IARC Group 2B carcinogen; US EPA - some weak evidence to suggest carcinogenicity Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin Some minor concerns regarding endocrine disruption Endocrine issues - Weak androgen-receptor antagonist |
Handling issues |
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Corrosive in molten state IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1 |
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Health: H301, H311, H317, H330 Environment: H400 |
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Ib (Highly hazardous) | |||
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UN2810 | |||
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Packaging Group II (moderate danger) | |||
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Chemically stable under standard ambient conditions |
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dichlorvos | ||
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dichlorvos | ||
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Dichlorvos | ||
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dichlorvos | ||
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diclorvos | ||
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diclorvos | ||
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dichlorvos | ||
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dichlorfos | ||
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dichlorvos | ||
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dichloorvos | ||
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Record last updated: | 24/08/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |